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What is the difference between Gnome, KDE, Xfce & LXDE

¿by Charles E. Craig, Jr.

Reprinted with permission

From [1]http://www.renewablepcs.com/

In Linux, there are so many choices, and this includes the desktop environments
and window managers. Four of the most popular [2]desktop environments in Linux
are [3]GNOME, [4]KDE, [5]Xfce, and [6]LXDE. All four offer sophisticated
point-and-click [7]graphical user interfaces (GUIs), which are on par with the
desktop environments found in [8]Windows and [9]Mac OS X.

When you ask different people which of these four is best, you will likely get
many different answers. So which is the best between GNOME, KDE, Xfce, and LXDE?
Well... it is largely a matter of opinion. Plus, the capabilities of your
computer hardware can also be important in deciding. For example, users with
older computers will be better served to choose Xfce or LXDE, while users with
newer hardware can get more desktop effects by choosing GNOME or KDE. My
recommendation would be to try all four of these desktop environments and decide
for yourself which one works best for you. GNOME, KDE, Xfce, and LXDE are all
excellent, and to varying degrees, each can be customized in a number of ways.

My personal favorite is GNOME 2.x which is slowly being replaced by GNOME 3.
Although, (very fortunately), GNOME 2.x is still being kept alive in [10]Linux
Mint, [11]PCLinuxOS Zen-Mini and some other distros. Of the most recent desktop
environments, my favorite is the newly-released Xfce 4.8.

A Brief Description of GNOME, KDE, Xfce, and LXDE:

[12]GNOME - Currently, GNOME ([13]GNU Network Object Model Environment) is in the
process of transitioning from version 2.x (which is still used by a large number
of distros that offer GNOME) to version 3, which was recently released. Beginning
with [14]Ubuntu 11.04, there is also the [15]Unity [16]shell that runs on top of
GNOME 2.x. So basically, GNOME at the moment finds itself in three major
manifestations: the old GNOME 2.x, the new GNOME 3, and Unity. Both GNOME 3 and
Unity (in my opinion) are moves toward more aesthetically pleasing, yet in some
ways more cumbersome desktops.

While this is my opinion, GNOME 3 and Unity are nice overall and should appeal to
many people. It should be mentioned that GNOME has a wealth of applications which
are designed for its desktop, but they can also be used in the other desktop
environments as well; [17]click here to see a list of them. Linux Mint, Ubuntu,
[18]Fedora, and [19]CentOS are major Linux distros which use GNOME in their main
editions. What following are descriptions of GNOME 2.x, GNOME 3, and Unity.

GNOME 2.x

[witd03.jpg]

Now in the process of becoming the "old school" GNOME, 2.x has dual [20]taskbars,
known as "[21]panels". One panel is located at the top of the screen in the form
of a [22]menu bar, and an additional panel is found at the bottom of the screen.
Because of this, some people would say that GNOME 2.x more closely resembles the
Mac OS X operating system in appearance than it does Microsoft Windows. While
this may be true in its default settings, GNOME 2.x can be configured to more
closely resemble Windows.

Regarding system resource usage, GNOME 2.x requires less RAM but more CPU than
GNOME 3, and less RAM and CPU than Unity or KDE but more than Xfce or LXDE. GNOME
2.x has a [23]menu at the left of the menu bar (top panel) which is very simple
and easy to use. Unfortunately, this extremely nice menu does not exist in either
GNOME 3 or Unity. GNOME 2.x is still my favorite desktop and it pains me to see
it potentially fade into the sunset. It is my personal hope that it will be kept
alive and/or [24]forked. So far, Linux Mint has succeeded in keeping GNOME 2.x
alive.^[25][a]

Recommended System Requirements for GNOME 2.x:

Required RAM

384 MB

Required CPU

800 MHz

[26]http://linuxreviews.org/software/desktops/

GNOME 3

[witd06.png]

The newly released GNOME 3 is a drastic change from the "classic" GNOME 2.x.
While GNOME 3 is fairly intuitive, for someone who is accustomed to GNOME 2.x, or
any other desktop environment for that matter, there will still be a considerable
amount of adjustment. In GNOME 3, there is only one panel located at the top of
the desktop, and there is no longer a traditional menu. To open programs, users
click on "Activities" found on the left side of the panel, which then gives the
options of a program launcher that appears on the left side of the desktop, an
"Applications" option found on the upper left part of the desktop (which is the
closest thing to a menu), or they can search for programs using the search box on
the upper right of the desktop. Additionally, when clicking on "Activities," a
desktop switcher appears on the right side of the desktop.

Another change involves the buttons on the windows. In GNOME 2.x, and practically
every other desktop environment or window manager, there are at least three
buttons found at the top of each window: one to exit the window, one to maximize
the window, and one to minimize the window. However, in GNOME 3, there is only
one button which is used to exit the window, which really takes some getting used
to. Overall though, GNOME 3 is a very simple, clean, and visually pleasing
desktop, but it is also quite cumbersome.

Recommended System Requirements for GNOME 3:

Required RAM

768 MB

Required CPU

400 MHz

[27]http://fedoraproject.org/en/get-fedora

Editor's note: A PCLinuxOS version of GNOME 3.x is currently being worked on.

Unity

[witd04.png]

Originally designed by [28]Canonical for use on [29]netbooks, Unity is now the
default desktop in Ubuntu 11.04. There is still the option, however, to run the
"Classic" GNOME 2.x desktop environment, which requires less system resources and
has more flexibility than Unity. Also, Unity requires more system resources than
GNOME 3 or KDE, not to mention all of the other popular Linux desktop
environments. In Unity, there is one panel and it is always at the top of the
desktop. Additionally, there is a [30]dock-like program launcher which is always
on the left side of the desktop. In appearance, Unity very much resembles a Mac
OS X desktop where the dock has been positioned on the left side.

One issue I personally have with Unity is that it does not have a "traditional"
menu like GNOME 2.x, although users can right-click on the "Applications" icon
found on the program launcher to find something that resembles a menu. Another
way to access programs in Unity is by clicking on the Ubuntu symbol found on the
left side of the panel. This opens up a box where users can type in the name of
desired programs to open them. Unity, in my opinion, seems less cumbersome than
GNOME 3 in some respects, but it still feels awkward at times. Despite this,
Unity, like GNOME 3, is very simple, clean, and visually pleasing.

Recommended System Requirements for Unity:

Required RAM

1 GB

Required CPU

1 GHz

[31]http://askubuntu.com/questions/22402/will-ubuntu-11-04-work-on-my-old-pc

KDE

[witd07.jpg]

[32]KDE - In many ways, KDE (K Desktop Environment) is very similar in appearance
to Microsoft Windows, and Windows users will likely feel very much at home when
using KDE. Just like in Windows, users access the KDE menu by clicking on the the
left side of the panel. By default, KDE has a single menu bar at the bottom of
the screen. However, this may be changed by the user. With its [33]Plasma
Workspaces, KDE is arguably the most^[34][d] visually pleasing of all the Linux
desktops. While KDE is more polished in appearance and has more point-and-click
options and "eye candy" than GNOME 2.x, Xfce, or LXDE, it is also more resource
hungry. On the other hand, KDE requires less system resources than Ubuntu's
Unity, and less RAM than GNOME 3.

Like GNOME, KDE includes a large number of applications which are designed to be
used in its desktop, many of which have a name that begins with the letter "K".
For example, [35]Konqueror is the default web browser, Dolphin is the default
file manager, and [36]KStars is a desktop planetarium. Also, like the GNOME
applications, the KDE applications can be used in other desktop environments. You
can [37]click here to see a list of KDE
applications. [38]OpenSUSE, [39]PCLinuxOS, and [40]Mandriva are some major Linux
distros running KDE in their main editions. [41]Kubuntu is the KDE version of
Ubuntu. With all of this being said, KDE is an excellent desktop environment that
is definitely worth consideration.

Recommended System Requirements for KDE:

Required RAM

615 MB

Required CPU

1 GHz

[42]http://itmanagement.earthweb.com/osrc/article.php/3930006/GNOME-vs-KDE-The-La
test-Round.htm

Xfce

[witd00.png]

[43]Xfce - Less resource-hungry than GNOME or KDE, Xfce is a great choice for
older computers, and it is still a full-fledged desktop environment that offers a
great deal to the user. In my opinion, Xfce provides a nice balance between
functionality and conservation of system resources, while still having a
beautiful desktop. In its default appearance, the newly-released Xfce 4.8 very
much resembles Mac OS X with its dock-like panel found at the bottom of the
desktop. Users can drag their favorite applications from the menu (found on the
left side of the upper panel) and place them on the bottom dock/panel in a
similar manner as can be done in Mac OS X. Editor's note: Xfce 4.8.1 does not
exhibit this behavior under the default installation of PCLinuxOS. Rather, the
panels of Phoenix (the Xfce version of PCLinuxOS), behave much as they did under
Xfce 4.6.2.

Just like GNOME 2.x and KDE, Xfce may easily be customized to more closely
resemble Windows, or to be configured any way as desired. [44]Xubuntu is the Xfce
version of Ubuntu, [45]Phoenix is the Xfce version of PCLinuxOS, and Linux Mint
offers an excellent [46]community edition with Xfce. Many other Linux distros
offer Xfce versions as well. For those, such as myself, who like the GNOME 2.x
desktop and are not completely satisfied with the changes in GNOME 3 or Unity,
Xfce 4.8 could be a great fit.

Recommended System Requirements for Xfce:

Required RAM

192 MB

Required CPU

300 MHz

[47]http://wiki.xfce.org/minimum_requirements

LXDE

[witd02.png]

[48]LXDE - Of the four major Linux desktop environments, LXDE
(Lightweight [49]X11 Desktop Environment) is the least resource-hungry, which
makes it an outstanding choice for older computers. It will also run extremely
fast on newer computers. Even with its super-efficiency, LXDE is still a nice and
feature-rich desktop environment that has menus which are simple and
straightforward and very easy to navigate.

In its default appearance, LXDE resembles older versions of Windows (such
as [50]Windows 98 or [51]2000), with a single panel at the bottom of the desktop
and a menu found on the left side of that panel. But like GNOME 2.x, KDE, and
XFCE, it can be customized in a variety of ways. [52]Lubuntu (the LXDE version of
Ubuntu), [53]Peppermint OS, and [54]Knoppix are popular distros which have LXDE
as their default desktop environment. Many other Linux distros, such as
[55]PCLinuxOS, offer LXDE versions as well.

Recommended System Requirements for LXDE:

Required RAM

128 MB

Required CPU

266 MHz

[56]http://lxde.sourceforge.net/about.html

Popular Window Managers in Linux:

GNOME, KDE, Xfce, and LXDE are complete desktop environments, each of which come
with their own programs and applications, menus, [57]icons, a file manager, and a
[58]window manager. Window managers are, as the term suggests, simply used to
manage the opening and closing of programs in a graphical, point-and-click
windowed desktop. Window managers can be used as a component of a desktop
environment, or they can run on their own. GNOME 2.x uses [59]Metacity as its
default window manager, GNOME 3 uses [60]Mutter, KDE uses [61]KWin, Xfce uses
[62]Xfwm, and LXDE uses [63]OpenBox. Some other examples of popular X11 window
managers are [64]Fluxbox, [65]IceWM, [66]JWM, and [67]Enlightenment. To varying
degrees all of these window managers are less resource-hungry than GNOME, KDE,
Xfce, and even LXDE, and are great for extremely old computers. Editor's note:
PCLinuxOS offers standalone versions running Fluxbox, IceWM, Enlightenment and
Openbox.

[witd08.png]

[68]Enlightenment - Though Enlightenment (E17) is a window manager, it can also
be considered a "desktop shell," and the project has grown to encompass a number
of applications and libraries which are together known as EFL. Because of its
many features, many people even consider Enlightenment (a.k.a. "E") to be a
full-fledged desktop environment. One very nice feature of Enlightenment is its
flexibility, which among other things, allows it to run on a wide variety of
devices that includes mobile phones, game systems, laptops, and powerful desktop
computers.

Enlightenment requires less system resources than the GNOME, KDE, Xfce, or even
LXDE, yet it also is quite visually appealing. It also offers a lot of "eye
candy," which is amazing, given its very small footprint. The Enlightenment
desktop is somewhat unique in its appearance, and users can simply click anywhere
on it to access the menu. [69]Bodhi Linux is a popular distro that uses
Enlightenment as its default desktop.

Recommended System Requirements for Enlightenment (E17) to be fully functional on
a netbook, laptop, or desktop:

Required RAM

64 MB

Required CPU

200 MHz

[70]http://www.enlightenment.org/p.php?p=about&l=en

A Comparison Desktop Environment / Window Manager RAM and CPU Usage:

Below are the results of an "unscientific" test I conducted with various desktop
environments and window managers. In this test, I ran Unity in Ubuntu 11.04, and
GNOME 3 in Fedora 15, both from live CDs. Then I used the GNOME system monitor in
Unity and GNOME 3 to record the lowest RAM and CPU usage numbers, while each
system was at idle after a fresh boot with no other open applications.

I installed and ran the other nine desktop environments/window managers in
Lubuntu 11.04 and Xubuntu 11.04 through [71]VirtualBox and opened the LX Task
Manager (lxtask) to record the lowest RAM and CPU usage numbers, while each
system was at idle after a fresh boot with no other open applications. As a side
note, I opened Windows 7 on a newer HP laptop and recorded the system usage
numbers. While Windows 7 used 0% of the CPU at idle from a fresh boot which was
better than any of the Linux desktop environments or window managers, it used
significantly more RAM at 1.13 GB, which is three times more than KDE 4.6. Below
are my results for the Linux desktop environments and window managers:

Desktop Environment / Window Manager

RAM used

% CPU used

Type

KDE 4.6

363 MB

4 %

desktop environment

*** Unity

271 MB

14%

desktop environment

(shell)

*** GNOME 3

193 MB

10%

desktop environment

GNOME 2.x

191 MB

1 %

desktop environment

XFCE 4.8

144 MB

10 %

desktop environment

LXDE

85 MB

10 %

desktop environment

IceWM

85 MB

2 %

window manager

Enlightenment (E17 Standard)

72 MB

1 %

window manager

Fluxbox

69 MB

1 %

window manager

OpenBox

60 MB

1 %

window manager

JWM

58 MB

1 %

window manager

Regarding the desktop environments, I was surprised that the "lighter-weight"
XFCE and LXDE consumed more of the CPU while at idle than KDE or GNOME 2.x. As
far as the window managers, it was interesting that their performances were very
close to each other, with IceWM consuming the most RAM and CPU, and JWM consuming
the least RAM and CPU. It was no surprise to me that all of the window managers
used less RAM and CPU than any of the desktop environments, with the exception of
IceWM which used slightly more CPU than GNOME 2.x. Finally, it should be
mentioned that this was simply a test I completed out of simple curiosity, and
while the results are interesting, it is probably best for you to use the
recommended system requirements for each desktop environment as a guide when
deciding which one is best for your computer.

*** So far, I have not been able to run GNOME 3 or Unity in VirtualBox on my
system, even when I increased the allocated amounts of RAM and video memory to
their maximums. So instead, I used live CDs to run Unity in Ubuntu 11.04, and
GNOME 3 in Fedora 15.

Interchangeability / Flexibility of Linux Desktop Environments:

[witd05.png]

One great feature of Linux is that programs / applications that are made to run
in any one of these desktop environments will normally work in the others. For
example, [72]GNOME Games can also run in KDE, Xfce, or LXDE, while [73]KDE
Games can likewise run in GNOME, Xfce, and LXDE. It should also be mentioned that
many major Linux distros offer versions in multiple desktop environments, which
includes all four of the desktop environments described above. It is even
possible to have any combination of GNOME, KDE, Xfce, and LXDE installed
simultaneously on your Linux system. However, when installing multiple Linux
desktop environments on the same computer, it is important to know that there
will be many redundancies between similar applications (system tools, games,
etc.) found within each desktop environment.

[witd01.png]

Another outstanding feature of Linux desktop environments is their flexibility,
which gives users the ability to customize a desktop environment to make it look
quite unique, or to imitate the look of other operating systems such as Windows
and Mac OS X. [74]Click here to see a larger screenshot of the GNOME 2.x desktop
in Linux Mint 9, which has been customized to resemble Mac OS X, using [75]Docky.
Like other software in Linux Mint, Docky can be downloaded and installed from the
Software Manager.

The default desktop in [76]Dreamlinux looks much like Mac OS X, and [77]Zorin
OS has a nice feature called "Look Changer" which allows users to choose the
normal GNOME desktop, or from desktops very similar to either [78]Windows
7 or [79]XP. [80]Click here to see a larger screenshot of Zorin OS in the Windows
XP mode, but without the legion of viruses. [81]Click here to see more examples
of customized Linux desktops. Below are links to websites which offer a wide
variety of eye candy for the GNOME, KDE, and XFCE desktops:

[82]http://GNOME-Look.org/

[83]http://KDE-Look.org/

[84]http://XFCE-Look.org/

[85]Click here to learn more about the differences between the various Linux
desktop environments in an article by [86]linuxreviews.org. [87]Wikipedia also
provides an excellent comparison of the various desktop environments in an
article entitled "[88]Comparison of X Window System Desktop Environments".
Another great resource is the [89]Windows Managers for X website.

If you would like to read the original blog entry, please visit
[90]http://www.renewablepcs.com/about-linux/kde-gnome-or-xfce.
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140. http://www.wikipedia.org/
141. http://xwinman.org/

Usage: http://www.kk-software.de/kklynxview/get/URL
e.g. http://www.kk-software.de/kklynxview/get/http://www.kk-software.de
Errormessages are in German, sorry ;-)