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     [14]Theoretical Ecology

     Article

   (A bit) Earlier or later is always better: Phenological shifts in consumer-resource
                                       interactions

     * ORIGINAL PAPER
     * Published: 21 December 2013

     * Volume 7, pages 149-162, (2014)
     * [15]Cite this article

   [16]Theoretical Ecology [17]Aims and scope [18]Submit manuscript

     * [19]Tomás A. Revilla^[20]1,
     * [21]Francisco Encinas-Viso^[22]2,[23]3 &
     * [24]Michel Loreau^[25]1

Abstract

   Phenology is a crucial life history trait for species interactions and it can
   have great repercussions on the persistence of communities and ecosystems.
   Changes in phenology caused by climate change can disrupt species interactions
   causing decreases in consumer growth rates, as suggested by the match-mismatch
   hypothesis (MMH). However, it is still not clear what the long-term consequences
   of such phenological changes are. In this paper, we present models in which
   phenology and consumer-resource feedbacks determine long-term community dynamics.
   Our results show that consumer viability is constrained by limits in the amount
   of phenological mismatch with their resources, in accordance with the MMH, but
   the effects of phenological shifts are often nonmonotonic. Consumers generally
   have higher abundances when they recruit some time before or after their
   resources because this reduces the long-term effects of overexploitation that
   would otherwise occur under closer synchrony. Changes in the duration of
   recruitment phenologies also have important impacts on community stability, with
   shorter phenologies promoting oscillations and cycles. For small community
   modules, the effects of phenological shifts on populations can be explained, to a
   great extent, as superpositions of their effects on consumer-resource pairs. We
   highlight that consumer-resource feedbacks and overexploitation, which are not
   typically considered in phenological models, are important factors shaping the
   long-term responses to phenological changes caused by climate change.

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Acknowledgments

   We thank Dorixa Monsalve, Harold Perez de Vladar, and Jarad Mellard for comments
   of earlier versions of this paper. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for
   comments and criticisms that greatly improved this paper. TAR and ML thank the
   support by the TULIP Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-41).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

    1. Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Station d'Ecologie
       Expérimentale du CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France
       Tomás A. Revilla & Michel Loreau
    2. CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
       Francisco Encinas-Viso
    3. Community and Conservation Ecology, University of Groningen, 9700 CC,
       Groningen, the Netherlands
       Francisco Encinas-Viso

   Authors
    1. Tomás A. Revilla
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   Correspondence to [163]Tomás A. Revilla.

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Cite this article

   Revilla, T.A., Encinas-Viso, F. & Loreau, M. (A bit) Earlier or later is always
   better: Phenological shifts in consumer-resource interactions. Theor Ecol 7,
   149-162 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12080-013-0207-3

   [166]Download citation
     * Received: 14 May 2013
     * Accepted: 14 November 2013
     * Published: 21 December 2013
     * Issue Date: May 2014
     * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12080-013-0207-3

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Keywords

     * [167]Phenology
     * [168]Trophic interactions
     * [169]Recruitment
     * [170]Overexploitation
     * [171]Climate change
     * [172]Match-mismatch hypothesis

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