#[1]PubMed search

   This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Please enable it to take advantage
   of the complete set of features!

   Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily
   unavailable.
   (BUTTON)

   [2]Skip to main page content

   U.S. flag

   An official website of the United States government
   (BUTTON) Here's how you know
   Dot gov

   The .gov means it's official.
   Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive
   information, make sure you're on a federal government site.
   Https

   The site is secure.
   The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any
   information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

   [3]NIH NLM Logo
   [4]Log in (BUTTON) Show account info
   (BUTTON) Close

Account

   Logged in as:
   username
     * [5]Dashboard
     * [6]Publications
     * [7]Account settings
     * [8]Log out

   [9]Access keys [10]NCBI Homepage [11]MyNCBI Homepage [12]Main Content [13]Main
   Navigation

   [14]pubmed logo
   Search: ____________________ (BUTTON) Search
   [15]Advanced [16]Clipboard
   [17]User Guide

   (BUTTON) Save (BUTTON) Email
   (BUTTON) Send to
     * [18]Clipboard
     * [19]My Bibliography
     * [20]Collections
     * [21]Citation manager

   (BUTTON) Display options
   Display options
   Format [Abstract]

Save citation to file

   Format: [Summary (text)_]
   (BUTTON) Create file (BUTTON) Cancel

Email citation

   Subject: 1 selected item: 20651690 - PubMed
   To: ____________________
   From: ____________________
   Format: [Summary________]
   [ ] MeSH and other data
   (BUTTON) Send email (BUTTON) Cancel

Add to Collections

     * ( ) Create a new collection
     * (*) Add to an existing collection

   Name your collection: ____________________
   Name must be less than 100 characters
   Choose a collection:
   Unable to load your collection due to an error
   [22]Please try again
   (BUTTON) Add (BUTTON) Cancel

Add to My Bibliography

     * (*) My Bibliography

   Unable to load your delegates due to an error
   [23]Please try again
   (BUTTON) Add (BUTTON) Cancel

Your saved search

   Name of saved search: ____________________
   Search terms:
   ____________________________________________________________
   ____________________________________________________________
   ____________________________________________________________
   ____________________________________________________________
   [24]Test search terms
   Would you like email updates of new search results?

   Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons

     * (*) Yes
     * ( ) No

   Email: ([25]change)
   Frequency: [Monthly]
   Which day? [The first Sunday___]
   Which day? [Sunday___]
   Report format: [Summary________]
   Send at most: [5 items__]
   [ ] Send even when there aren't any new results
   Optional text in email:
   ____________________________________________________________
   ____________________________________________________________
   ____________________________________________________________
   ____________________________________________________________
   (BUTTON) Save (BUTTON) Cancel

Create a file for external citation management software

   (BUTTON) Create file (BUTTON) Cancel

Your RSS Feed

   Name of RSS Feed: ____________________
   Number of items displayed: [15_]
   (BUTTON) Create RSS (BUTTON) Cancel
   RSS Link ____________________ (BUTTON) Copy

Full text links

   [26]full text provider logo Nature Publishing Group [27]Free PMC article
   [28]Full text links

Actions

   (BUTTON) Cite
   (BUTTON) Collections
   Add to Collections
     * ( ) Create a new collection
     * (*) Add to an existing collection

   Name your collection: ____________________
   Name must be less than 100 characters
   Choose a collection:
   Unable to load your collection due to an error
   [29]Please try again
   (BUTTON) Add (BUTTON) Cancel
   (BUTTON)
   (BUTTON) Display options
   Display options
   Format [Abstract]

Share

     *
     *
     * (BUTTON)
       Permalink
       https://pubmed.ncbi. (BUTTON) Copy

Page navigation

     * [30]Title & authors
     * [31]Abstract
     * [32]Figures
     * [33]Comment in
     * [34]Similar articles
     * [35]Cited by
     * [36]References
     * [37]Publication types
     * [38]MeSH terms
     * [39]Related information
     * [40]Grants and funding
     * [41]LinkOut - more resources

   [Title & authors_________]

   (BUTTON) Nature
   Actions
     * [42]Search in PubMed
     * [43]Search in NLM Catalog
     * [44]Add to Search

   . 2010 Jul 22;466(7305):482-5.
   doi: 10.1038/nature09210.

Coupled dynamics of body mass and population growth in response to environmental change

   [45]Arpat Ozgul^ [46] 1 , [47]Dylan Z Childs, [48]Madan K Oli, [49]Kenneth B
   Armitage, [50]Daniel T Blumstein, [51]Lucretia E Olson, [52]Shripad
   Tuljapurkar, [53]Tim Coulson
   Affiliations (BUTTON) Expand

Affiliation

     * ^1 Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire SL5
       7PY, UK. a.ozgul@imperial.ac.uk

     * PMID: 20651690
     * PMCID: [54]PMC5677226
     * DOI: [55]10.1038/nature09210

   Item in Clipboard

Coupled dynamics of body mass and population growth in response to environmental change

   Arpat Ozgul et al. Nature. 2010.
   (BUTTON) Show details
   (BUTTON) Display options
   Display options
   Format [Abstract]
   (BUTTON) Nature
   Actions
     * [56]Search in PubMed
     * [57]Search in NLM Catalog
     * [58]Add to Search

   . 2010 Jul 22;466(7305):482-5.
   doi: 10.1038/nature09210.

Authors

   [59]Arpat Ozgul^ [60] 1 , [61]Dylan Z Childs, [62]Madan K Oli, [63]Kenneth B
   Armitage, [64]Daniel T Blumstein, [65]Lucretia E Olson, [66]Shripad
   Tuljapurkar, [67]Tim Coulson

Affiliation

     * ^1 Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire SL5
       7PY, UK. a.ozgul@imperial.ac.uk

     * PMID: 20651690
     * PMCID: [68]PMC5677226
     * DOI: [69]10.1038/nature09210

   Item in Clipboard

   (BUTTON) Full text links (BUTTON) Cite (BUTTON)
   (BUTTON) Display options
   Display options
   Format [Abstract]

Abstract

   Environmental change has altered the phenology, morphological traits and
   population dynamics of many species. However, the links underlying these joint
   responses remain largely unknown owing to a paucity of long-term data and the
   lack of an appropriate analytical framework. Here we investigate the link between
   phenotypic and demographic responses to environmental change using a new
   methodology and a long-term (1976-2008) data set from a hibernating mammal (the
   yellow-bellied marmot) inhabiting a dynamic subalpine habitat. We demonstrate how
   earlier emergence from hibernation and earlier weaning of young has led to a
   longer growing season and larger body masses before hibernation. The resulting
   shift in both the phenotype and the relationship between phenotype and fitness
   components led to a decline in adult mortality, which in turn triggered an abrupt
   increase in population size in recent years. Direct and trait-mediated effects of
   environmental change made comparable contributions to the observed marked
   increase in population growth. Our results help explain how a shift in phenology
   can cause simultaneous phenotypic and demographic changes, and highlight the need
   for a theory integrating ecological and evolutionary dynamics in stochastic
   environments.

   [70]PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

   [71]Figure 1

   Figure 1

   Trends in (A) the time...

   Figure 1

   Trends in (A) the time of weaning, (B) mean August 1 ^st mass...
   Figure 1
   Trends in (A) the time of weaning, (B) mean August 1^st mass (Z¯) and (C)
   abundance in each age class for the female segment of the population. The four
   age-classes are juvenile (< 1 yr), yearling (1 yr-old), subadult (2 yrs-old) and
   adult (>=3 yrs-old). Subadult and adult masses are combined. Vertical dotted
   lines delineate different phases of population dynamics.

   [72]Figure 1

   Figure 1

   Trends in (A) the time...

   Figure 1

   Trends in (A) the time of weaning, (B) mean August 1 ^st mass...

   Figure 1

   Trends in (A) the time of weaning, (B) mean August 1^st mass (Z¯) and (C)
   abundance in each age class for the female segment of the population. The four
   age-classes are juvenile (< 1 yr), yearling (1 yr-old), subadult (2 yrs-old) and
   adult (>=3 yrs-old). Subadult and adult masses are combined. Vertical dotted
   lines delineate different phases of population dynamics.

   [73]Figure 2

   Figure 2

   The relationship between body mass...

   Figure 2

   The relationship between body mass and (A) survival, (B) juvenile growth, and
   (C)...

   Figure 2

   The relationship between body mass and (A) survival, (B) juvenile growth, and (C)
   adult reproduction for =2000 years. Shaded areas indicate the 95%
   confidence intervals, and rugs below and above the graph represent the
   distribution of the body mass data for =2000 years, respectively.

   [74]Figure 2

   Figure 2

   The relationship between body mass...

   Figure 2

   The relationship between body mass and (A) survival, (B) juvenile growth, and
   (C)...

   Figure 2

   The relationship between body mass and (A) survival, (B) juvenile growth, and (C)
   adult reproduction for =2000 years. Shaded areas indicate the 95%
   confidence intervals, and rugs below and above the graph represent the
   distribution of the body mass data for =2000 years, respectively.

   [75]Figure 3

   Figure 3

   (A) Stable August log-body mass...

   Figure 3

   (A) Stable August log-body mass distributions (lines) for juveniles and older
   individuals for...

   Figure 3

   (A) Stable August log-body mass distributions (lines) for juveniles and older
   individuals for =2000 years. Vertical lines show the mean body masses.
   Bars indicate the actual observed distribution over the entire study period.
   Retrospective perturbation analysis of the integral projection model gives the
   relative contribution of each function to (B) population growth and to (C) change
   in mean adult body mass from =2000 period (S: survival, G: growth, R:
   reproduction probability, L: litter size, Q: offspring mass, subscripts indicate
   the age classes).

   [76]Figure 3

   Figure 3

   (A) Stable August log-body mass...

   Figure 3

   (A) Stable August log-body mass distributions (lines) for juveniles and older
   individuals for...

   Figure 3

   (A) Stable August log-body mass distributions (lines) for juveniles and older
   individuals for =2000 years. Vertical lines show the mean body masses.
   Bars indicate the actual observed distribution over the entire study period.
   Retrospective perturbation analysis of the integral projection model gives the
   relative contribution of each function to (B) population growth and to (C) change
   in mean adult body mass from =2000 period (S: survival, G: growth, R:
   reproduction probability, L: litter size, Q: offspring mass, subscripts indicate
   the age classes).

   [77]Figure 4

   Figure 4

   The relative contributions of the...

   Figure 4

   The relative contributions of the change in mean August mass ( Z 1...

   Figure 4

   The relative contributions of the change in mean August mass (Z1 to Z2) and the
   change in survival curve (S1 to S2) to the increase in mean survival in each age
   class from =2000 years. The proximity of the triangle [S1(Z2)] to the
   circle [S1(Z1)] versus to the diamond [S2(Z2)] indicates the contributions of the
   change in mean mass versus the change in survival curve. Confidence intervals
   indicate the process variation estimated using the particular mass distribution
   and survival function.

   (BUTTON) All figures (7)

   (BUTTON) (BUTTON) (BUTTON) (BUTTON)
   (BUTTON) (BUTTON)

   [78]See this image and copyright information in PMC
   (BUTTON)

Comment in

     * [79]Climate change: Fatter marmots on the rise.
       Visser ME. Visser ME. Nature. 2010 Jul 22;466(7305):445-7. doi:
       10.1038/466445a. Nature. 2010. PMID: 20651679 No abstract available.

Similar articles

     * [80]Climate change: Fatter marmots on the rise.
       Visser ME. Visser ME. Nature. 2010 Jul 22;466(7305):445-7. doi:
       10.1038/466445a. Nature. 2010. PMID: 20651679 No abstract available.
     * [81]Differential plasticity of size and mass to environmental change in a
       hibernating mammal.
       Canale CI, Ozgul A, Allainé D, Cohas A. Canale CI, et al. Glob Chang Biol.
       2016 Oct;22(10):3286-303. doi: 10.1111/gcb.13286. Epub 2016 May 9. Glob Chang
       Biol. 2016. PMID: 26994312
     * [82]Litter sex composition affects life-history traits in yellow-bellied
       marmots.
       Monclús R, Blumstein DT. Monclús R, et al. J Anim Ecol. 2012 Jan;81(1):80-6.
       doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01888.x. Epub 2011 Jul 29. J Anim Ecol. 2012.
       PMID: 21801175
     * [83]Yellow-bellied marmots: insights from an emergent view of sociality.
       Blumstein DT. Blumstein DT. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2013 Apr
       8;368(1618):20120349. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0349. Print 2013 May 19. Philos
       Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2013. PMID: 23569297 Free PMC article. Review.
     * [84]Endocrine correlates of hibernation-independent gonadal recrudescence and
       the limited late-winter breeding season in woodchucks, Marmota monax.
       Concannon PW, Baldwin B, Roberts P, Tennant B. Concannon PW, et al. J Exp
       Zool Suppl. 1990;4:203-6. doi: 10.1002/jez.1402560444. J Exp Zool Suppl.
       1990. PMID: 1974795 Review.

   See all similar articles

Cited by

     * [85]Climate change is poised to alter mountain stream ecosystem processes via
       organismal phenological shifts.
       Leathers K, Herbst D, de Mendoza G, Doerschlag G, Ruhi A. Leathers K, et al.
       Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024 Apr 2;121(14):e2310513121. doi:
       10.1073/pnas.2310513121. Epub 2024 Mar 18. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024.
       PMID: 38498724 Free PMC article.
     * [86]Thinner bats to face hibernation as response to climate warming.
       López-Roig M, Piera E, Serra-Cobo J. López-Roig M, et al. Sci Rep. 2024 Jan
       24;14(1):2117. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-52459-9. Sci Rep. 2024. PMID: 38267504
       Free PMC article.
     * [87]The timing of reproduction is responding plastically, not genetically, to
       climate change in yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer).
       St Lawrence S, Blumstein DT, Martin JGA. St Lawrence S, et al. Ecol Evol.
       2023 Dec 6;13(12):e10780. doi: 10.1002/ece3.10780. eCollection 2023 Dec. Ecol
       Evol. 2023. PMID: 38077518 Free PMC article.
     * [88]Quantifying the age structure of free-ranging delphinid populations:
       Testing the accuracy of Unoccupied Aerial System photogrammetry.
       Vivier F, Wells RS, Hill MC, Yano KM, Bradford AL, Leunissen EM, Pacini A,
       Booth CG, Rocho-Levine J, Currie JJ, Patton PT, Bejder L. Vivier F, et al.
       Ecol Evol. 2023 Jun 26;13(6):e10082. doi: 10.1002/ece3.10082. eCollection
       2023 Jun. Ecol Evol. 2023. PMID: 37384246 Free PMC article.
     * [89]MOSAIC - A Unified Trait Database to Complement Structured Population
       Models.
       Bernard C, Santos GS, Deere JA, Rodriguez-Caro R, Capdevila P, Kusch E,
       Gascoigne SJL, Jackson J, Salguero-Gómez R. Bernard C, et al. Sci Data. 2023
       Jun 1;10(1):335. doi: 10.1038/s41597-023-02070-w. Sci Data. 2023. PMID:
       37264011 Free PMC article.

   See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1.
         1. Walther G, et al. Ecological responses to recent climate change. Nature.
            2002;416:389-395. - [90]PubMed
    2.
         1. Parmesan C. Ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate
            change. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics.
            2006;37:637-669.
    3.
         1. Stenseth N, Mysterud A. Climate, changing phenology, and other life
            history traits: Nonlinearity and matchñmismatch to the environment.
            Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2002;99:13379. -
            [91]PMC - [92]PubMed
    4.
         1. Coulson T, Benton TG, Lundberg P, Dall SRX, Kendall BE. Putting
            evolutionary biology back in the ecological theatre: a demographic
            framework mapping genes to communities. Evolutionary Ecology Research.
            2006;8:1155-1171.
    5.
         1. Chevin LM, Lande R, Mace GM. Adaptation, plasticity and extinction in a
            changing environment: Towards a predictive theory. PLoS Biology.
            (submitted) - [93]PMC - [94]PubMed

   (BUTTON) Show all 54 references

Publication types

     * (BUTTON) Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
       Actions
          + [95]Search in PubMed
          + [96]Search in MeSH
          + [97]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
       Actions
          + [98]Search in PubMed
          + [99]Search in MeSH
          + [100]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
       Actions
          + [101]Search in PubMed
          + [102]Search in MeSH
          + [103]Add to Search

MeSH terms

     * (BUTTON) Animals
       Actions
          + [104]Search in PubMed
          + [105]Search in MeSH
          + [106]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Biological Evolution
       Actions
          + [107]Search in PubMed
          + [108]Search in MeSH
          + [109]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Body Weight / physiology*
       Actions
          + [110]Search in PubMed
          + [111]Search in MeSH
          + [112]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Colorado
       Actions
          + [113]Search in PubMed
          + [114]Search in MeSH
          + [115]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Female
       Actions
          + [116]Search in PubMed
          + [117]Search in MeSH
          + [118]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Global Warming*
       Actions
          + [119]Search in PubMed
          + [120]Search in MeSH
          + [121]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Hibernation / physiology*
       Actions
          + [122]Search in PubMed
          + [123]Search in MeSH
          + [124]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Marmota / anatomy & histology*
       Actions
          + [125]Search in PubMed
          + [126]Search in MeSH
          + [127]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Marmota / growth & development
       Actions
          + [128]Search in PubMed
          + [129]Search in MeSH
          + [130]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Marmota / physiology*
       Actions
          + [131]Search in PubMed
          + [132]Search in MeSH
          + [133]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Phenotype
       Actions
          + [134]Search in PubMed
          + [135]Search in MeSH
          + [136]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Population Dynamics
       Actions
          + [137]Search in PubMed
          + [138]Search in MeSH
          + [139]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Reproduction / physiology
       Actions
          + [140]Search in PubMed
          + [141]Search in MeSH
          + [142]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Survival Rate
       Actions
          + [143]Search in PubMed
          + [144]Search in MeSH
          + [145]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Time Factors
       Actions
          + [146]Search in PubMed
          + [147]Search in MeSH
          + [148]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Weaning
       Actions
          + [149]Search in PubMed
          + [150]Search in MeSH
          + [151]Add to Search

Related information

     * [152]PMC images

Grants and funding

     * [153]WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
     * [154]P01 AG022500/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States

LinkOut - more resources

     * Full Text Sources
          + [155]Europe PubMed Central
          + [156]Nature Publishing Group
          + [157]Ovid Technologies, Inc.
          + [158]PubMed Central
          + [159]White Rose Research Online
     * Medical
          + [160]MedlinePlus Health Information

   Full text links (BUTTON) [x]
   [161]full text provider logo Nature Publishing Group [162]Free PMC article

   (BUTTON) [x]
   Cite
   (BUTTON) Copy (BUTTON) Download .nbib .nbib
   Format: [NLM]

   Send To
     * [163]Clipboard
     * [164]Email
     * [165]Save
     * [166]My Bibliography
     * [167]Collections
     * [168]Citation Manager

   (BUTTON) [x]

   NCBI Literature Resources

   [169]MeSH [170]PMC [171]Bookshelf [172]Disclaimer

   The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S.
   Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is
   strictly prohibited.

   Follow NCBI

   [173]Connect with NLM
     *
     *
     *

   National Library of Medicine
   [174]8600 Rockville Pike
   Bethesda, MD 20894

   [175]Web Policies
   [176]FOIA
   [177]HHS Vulnerability Disclosure

   [178]Help
   [179]Accessibility
   [180]Careers

     * [181]NLM
     * [182]NIH
     * [183]HHS
     * [184]USA.gov

References

   Visible links:
   1. https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/opensearch.xml
   2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract#article-details
   3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
   4. https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
   5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/
   6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/bibliography/
   7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/
   8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/
   9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys
  10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
  11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/
  12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract#maincontent
  13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
  14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
  15. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/advanced/
  16. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clipboard/
  17. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/help/
  18. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
  19. https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F20651690%2F%3Fdopt%3DAbstract%23open-bibliography-panel
  20. https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F20651690%2F%3Fdopt%3DAbstract%23open-collections-panel
  21. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
  22. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
  23. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
  24. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
  25. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/
  26. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09210
  27. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20651690/
  28. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
  29. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
  30. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract#heading
  31. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract#abstract
  32. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract#figures
  33. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract#linked-commentary
  34. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract#similar
  35. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract#citedby
  36. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract#references
  37. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract#publication-types
  38. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract#mesh-terms
  39. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract#related-links
  40. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract#grants
  41. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract#linkout
  42. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nature%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  43. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Nature%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D
  44. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
  45. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ozgul+A&cauthor_id=20651690
  46. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract#full-view-affiliation-1
  47. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Childs+DZ&cauthor_id=20651690
  48. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Oli+MK&cauthor_id=20651690
  49. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Armitage+KB&cauthor_id=20651690
  50. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Blumstein+DT&cauthor_id=20651690
  51. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Olson+LE&cauthor_id=20651690
  52. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tuljapurkar+S&cauthor_id=20651690
  53. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Coulson+T&cauthor_id=20651690
  54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc5677226/
  55. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09210
  56. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nature%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  57. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Nature%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D
  58. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
  59. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ozgul+A&cauthor_id=20651690
  60. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract#short-view-affiliation-1
  61. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Childs+DZ&cauthor_id=20651690
  62. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Oli+MK&cauthor_id=20651690
  63. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Armitage+KB&cauthor_id=20651690
  64. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Blumstein+DT&cauthor_id=20651690
  65. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Olson+LE&cauthor_id=20651690
  66. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tuljapurkar+S&cauthor_id=20651690
  67. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Coulson+T&cauthor_id=20651690
  68. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc5677226/
  69. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09210
  70. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/
  71. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5677226/bin/nihms913481f1a.jpg
  72. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5677226/bin/nihms913481f1b.jpg
  73. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5677226/bin/nihms913481f2a.jpg
  74. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5677226/bin/nihms913481f2b.jpg
  75. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5677226/bin/nihms913481f3a.jpg
  76. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5677226/bin/nihms913481f3b.jpg
  77. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5677226/bin/nihms913481f4.jpg
  78. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
  79. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651679/
  80. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651679/
  81. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26994312/
  82. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21801175/
  83. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23569297/
  84. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1974795/
  85. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38498724/
  86. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38267504/
  87. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38077518/
  88. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37384246/
  89. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37264011/
  90. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11919621/
  91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc129680/
  92. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12370424/
  93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2864732/
  94. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20463950/
  95. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Research+Support%2C+N.I.H.%2C+Extramural%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  96. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Research+Support%2C+N.I.H.%2C+Extramural
  97. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
  98. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Research+Support%2C+Non-U.S.+Gov%27t%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  99. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Research+Support%2C+Non-U.S.+Gov%27t
 100. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
 101. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Research+Support%2C+U.S.+Gov%27t%2C+Non-P.H.S.%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
 102. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Research+Support%2C+U.S.+Gov%27t%2C+Non-P.H.S.
 103. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
 104. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Animals%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
 105. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Animals
 106. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
 107. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Biological+Evolution%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
 108. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Biological+Evolution
 109. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
 110. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Body+Weight%2Fphysiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
 111. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Body+Weight
 112. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
 113. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Colorado%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
 114. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Colorado
 115. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
 116. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
 117. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Female
 118. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
 119. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Global+Warming%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
 120. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Global+Warming
 121. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
 122. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hibernation%2Fphysiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
 123. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Hibernation
 124. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
 125. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Marmota%2Fanatomy+and+histology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
 126. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Marmota
 127. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
 128. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Marmota%2Fgrowth+and+development%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
 129. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Marmota
 130. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
 131. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Marmota%2Fphysiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
 132. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Marmota
 133. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
 134. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Phenotype%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
 135. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Phenotype
 136. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
 137. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Population+Dynamics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
 138. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Population+Dynamics
 139. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
 140. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Reproduction%2Fphysiology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
 141. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Reproduction
 142. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
 143. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Survival+Rate%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
 144. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Survival+Rate
 145. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
 146. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Time+Factors%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
 147. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Time+Factors
 148. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
 149. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Weaning%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
 150. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Weaning
 151. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
 152. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/images?linkname=pubmed_images&from_uid=20651690
 153. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=WT_%2FWellcome+Trust%2FUnited+Kingdom%5BGrants+and+Funding%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
 154. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=P01+AG022500%2FAG%2FNIA+NIH+HHS%2FUnited+States%5BGrants+and+Funding%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
 155. https://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/20651690
 156. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09210
 157. http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=linkout&SEARCH=20651690.ui
 158. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20651690/
 159. https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/123974/
 160. https://medlineplus.gov/bodyweight.html
 161. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09210
 162. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20651690/
 163. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
 164. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
 165. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
 166. https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F20651690%2F%3Fdopt%3DAbstract%23open-bibliography-panel
 167. https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F20651690%2F%3Fdopt%3DAbstract%23open-collections-panel
 168. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
 169. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/
 170. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/
 171. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
 172. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/
 173. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/socialmedia/index.html
 174. https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323
 175. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html
 176. https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office
 177. https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html
 178. https://support.nlm.nih.gov/
 179. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html
 180. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/careers.html
 181. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/
 182. https://www.nih.gov/
 183. https://www.hhs.gov/
 184. https://www.usa.gov/

   Hidden links:
 186. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
 187. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/?dopt=Abstract
 188. http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Coupled%20dynamics%20of%20body%20mass%20and%20population%20growth%20in%20response%20to%20environmental%20change%20https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/
 189. http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651690/
 190. https://twitter.com/ncbi
 191. https://www.facebook.com/ncbi.nlm
 192. https://www.linkedin.com/company/ncbinlm
 193. https://github.com/ncbi
 194. https://ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
 195. https://twitter.com/NLM_NIH
 196. https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine
 197. https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH