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Articles in peer reviewed journals
Romero-Mujalli, D., Fuchs, L.I.R., Haase, M., Hildebrandt, J.-P., Weissing, F.J.
& Revilla, T.A. (2024) "Emergence of phenotypic plasticity through epigenetic
mechanisms", Evolution Letters. Vol. XX, pp. 1-14.
[6][Abstract] [7][BibTeX] [8][DOI] [9][URL]
Abstract: Plasticity is found in all domains of life and is particularly relevant
when populations experience variable environmental conditions. Traditionally,
evolutionary models of plasticity are non-mechanistic: they typically view
reactions norms as the target of selection, without considering the underlying
genetics explicitly. Consequently, there have been difficulties in understanding
the emergence of plasticity, and in explaining its limits and costs. In this
paper, we offer a novel mechanistic approximation for the emergence and evolution
of plasticity. We simulate random "epigenetic mutations" in the
genotype-phenotype mapping, of the kind enabled by
DNA-methylations/demethylations. The frequency of epigenetic mutations at loci
affecting the phenotype is sensitive to organism stress (trait-environment
mismatch), but is also genetically determined and evolvable. Thus, the "random
motion" of epigenetic markers enables developmental learning-like behaviors that
can improve adaptation within the limits imposed by the genotypes. However, with
random motion being "goal-less," this mechanism is also vulnerable to
developmental noise leading to maladaptation. Our individual-based simulations
show that epigenetic mutations can hide alleles that are temporarily unfavorable,
thus enabling cryptic genetic variation. These alleles can be advantageous at
later times, under regimes of environmental change, in spite of the accumulation
of genetic loads. Simulations also demonstrate that plasticity is favored by
natural selection in constant environments, but more under periodic environmental
change. Plasticity also evolves under directional environmental change as long as
the pace of change is not too fast and costs are low.
BibTeX:
@article{romeromujalli_etal-evolett24,
author = {Romero-Mujalli, D. and Fuchs, L.I.R. and Haase, M. and Hildebrandt, J.-P. and
Weissing, F.J. and Revilla, T. A.},
journal = {Evolution Letters},
title = {Emergence of phenotypic plasticity through epigenetic mechanisms},
year = {2024},
pages = {1--14},
volume = {XX},
doi = {10.1093/evlett/qrae012}
}
Galanthay, T. E., Krivan, V., Cressman, R. & Revilla, T.A. (2023) "Evolution of
Aggression in Consumer-Resource Models", Dynamic Games and Applications. Vol. 13,
pp. 1049-1065.
[10][Abstract] [11][BibTeX] [12][DOI] [13][URL]
Abstract: The Hawk--Dove model has been used to explain how aggression evolves in
animal species. However, testing this model with experimental data has proven
challenging because the two model parameters, V and C, are difficult to measure.
We propose a novel consumer-resource model that overcomes these difficulties, and
we explore the dynamical behavior of the model. Furthermore, by studying a series
of consumer--resource models with interactions based on the Hawk--Dove game, we
make new predictions for how the level of aggression may change with the richness
of the environment, animal mortality, and the amount of time spent fighting.
BibTeX:
@article{galanthay_etal-dyngameapp23,
author = {Galanthay, T. E. and K{\v{r}}ivan, V. and Cressman, R. and Revilla, T. A.},
journal = {Dynamic Games and Applications},
title = {Evolution of Aggression in Consumer-Resource Models},
year = {2023},
pages = {1049--1065},
volume = {13},
doi = {10.1007/s13235-023-00496-w}
}
Revilla, T.A. & Krivan, V. (2022) "Prey-predator dynamics with adaptive
protection mutualism", Applied Mathematics and Computation. Vol. 433, pp. 127368.
[14][Abstract] [15][BibTeX] [16][DOI] [17][URL]
Abstract: Prey can ease the burden of exploitation by attracting a third party
that interferes with their predators. Such is the case for plant-ant or aphid-ant
mutualisms, where the victim supplies food to the ants, while the ants attack or
drive away the offenders. Since ants are adaptive foragers, defense services can
be altered by alternative food sources (e.g., other plants, or human-supplied
resource). This article explores the prey-predator-ant system, using a model that
combines predator-prey population dynamics with ant optimal foraging, where ants
consume prey-supplied resources or alternative resources. Feedbacks between
prey-predator dynamics and adaptive ant foraging leads to complex dynamics. For a
given ant colony size and supply rate of alternative resources, prey can coexist
with predators at alternative stable states, or along alternative limit cycles.
Limit cycles extend the scope of defensive mutualism beyond the point where ants
would abandon prey in favor of alternative resources under equilibrium
conditions. These results highlight the importance of trait-mediated indirect
interactions for natural mutualistic-antagonistic systems, and potential outcomes
of manipulating ant defense services using baits in the case of agriculture.
BibTeX:
@article{revilla_krivan-amc22,
author = {Revilla, T.A. and K{\v{r}}ivan, V.},
journal = {{A}pplied {M}athematics and {C}omputation},
title = {Prey-predator dynamics with adaptive protection mutualism},
year = {2022},
volume = {433},
pages = {127368},
doi = {10.1016/j.amc.2022.127368}
}
Pardikes, N.A., Revilla, T.A., Lue, C.-H., Thierry, M., Souto-Vilarós, D. &
Hrcek, J. (2022) "Effects of phenological mismatch under warming are modified by
community context", Global Change Biology. Vol. 28, pp. 4013-4026.
[18][Abstract] [19][BibTeX] [20][DOI] [21][URL]
Abstract: Climate change is altering the relative timing of species interactions
by shifting when species first appear in communities and modifying the duration
organisms spend in each developmental stage. However, community contexts, such as
intraspecific competition and alternative resource species, can prolong shortened
windows of availability and may mitigate the effects of phenological shifts on
species interactions. Using a combination of laboratory experiments and dynamic
simulations, we quantified how the effects of phenological shifts in
Drosophila-parasitoid interactions differed with concurrent changes in
temperature, intraspecific competition, and the presence of alternative host
species. Our study confirmed that warming shortens the window of host
susceptibility. However, the presence of alternative host species sustained
interaction persistence across a broader range of phenological shifts than
pairwise interactions by increasing the degree of temporal overlap with suitable
development stages between hosts and parasitoids. Irrespective of phenological
shifts, parasitism rates declined under warming due to reduced parasitoid
performance, which limited the ability of community context to manage temporally
mismatched interactions. These results demonstrate that the ongoing decline in
insect diversity may exacerbate the effects of phenological shifts in ecological
communities under future global warming temperatures.
BibTeX:
@article{pardikes_etal-gcb2022,
author = {N.A. Pardikes and T.A. Revilla and C.-H. Lue and M. Thierry and D. Souto-Vil
ar{\'{o}}s and J. Hr{\v{c}}ek},
journal = {{G}lobal {C}hange {B}iology},
title = {Effects of phenological mismatch under warming are modified by community con
text},
year = {2022},
volume = {28},
number = {13},
pages = {4013--4026},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.16195}
}
Revilla, T.A., Marcou, T. & Krivan, V. (2021) "Plant competition under
simultaneous adaptation by herbivores and pollinators", Ecological Modelling.
Vol. 455, pp. 109634.
[22][Abstract] [23][BibTeX] [24][DOI] [25][URL]
Abstract: Two plants can influence one another indirectly by affecting population
dynamics of shared exploiters and/or shared mutualists, giving rise to apparent
competition or apparent mutualism, respectively. Indirect interactions between
plants also occur when the preferences of exploiters and mutualists adapt to
changes in relative plant densities. Here we study simultaneous effects of
adaptive herbivore and pollinator preferences on the dynamics of two competing
plant populations. As a result of feedbacks between plant dynamics and adaptive
animal preferences, plants coexist at alternative stable states. This outcome is
favored at low abundances of herbivores and pollinators when consumers tend to
specialize on a single plant. As herbivore and pollinator abundances increase,
generalism becomes more common. This promotes plant coexistence by balancing
antagonistic and mutualistic effects between plants. Plant community dynamics
become also more predictable due to reduction in the number of alternative stable
states. This shows that the global decline in insect populations can lead to
structural changes in plant communities that are difficult to predict.
BibTeX:
@article{revilla_etal-ecomod21,
author = {Revilla, T.A. and Marcou, T. and K{\v{r}}ivan, V.},
title = {Plant competition under simultaneous adaptation by herbivores and pollinato
rs},
journal = {{E}cological {M}odelling},
year = {2021},
volume = {455},
pages = {109634},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109634}
}
Krivan, V. (2019) & Revilla, T.A., "Plant coexistence mediated by adaptive
foraging preferences of exploiters or mutualists", Journal of Theoretical
Biology. Vol. 480, pp. 112-128.
[26][Abstract] [27][BibTeX] [28][DOI] [29][URL]
Abstract: Coexistence of plants depends on their competition for common resources
and indirect interactions mediated by shared exploiters or mutualists. These
interactions are driven either by changes in animal abundance (density-mediated
interactions, e.g., apparent competition), or by changes in animal preferences
for plants (behaviorally-mediated interactions). This article studies effects of
behaviorally-mediated interactions on two plant population dynamics and animal
preference dynamics when animal densities are fixed. Animals can be either
adaptive exploiters or adaptive mutualists (e.g., herbivores or pollinators) that
maximize their fitness. Analysis of the model shows that adaptive animal
preferences for plants can lead to multiple outcomes of plant coexistence with
different levels of specialization or generalism for the mediator animal species.
In particular, exploiter generalism promotes plant coexistence even when
inter-specific competition is too strong to make plant coexistence possible
without exploiters, and mutualist specialization promotes plant coexistence at
alternative stable states when plant inter-specific competition is weak.
Introducing a new concept of generalized isoclines allows us to fully analyze the
model with respect to the strength of competitive interactions between plants
(weak or strong), and the type of interaction between plants and animals
(exploitation or mutualism).
BibTeX:
@article{krivan_revilla-jtb19,
author = {K{\v{r}}ivan, V. and Revilla, T. A.},
title = {Plant coexistence mediated by adaptive foraging preferences of exploiters o
r mutualists},
journal = {{J}ournal of {T}heoretical {B}iology},
year = {2019},
volume = {480},
pages = {112--128},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.08.003}
}
Revilla, T.A. & Krivan, V. (2018), "Competition, trait-mediated facilitation, and
the structure of plant-pollinator communities", Journal of Theoretical Biology.
Vol. 440, pp. 42-57.
[30][Abstract] [31][BibTeX] [32][DOI] [33][URL]
Abstract: In plant--pollinator communities many pollinators are potential
generalists and their preferences for certain plants can change quickly in
response to changes in plant and pollinator densities. These changes in
preferences affect coexistence within pollinator guilds as well as within plant
guilds. Using a mathematical model, we study how adaptations of pollinator
preferences influence population dynamics of a two-plant--two-pollinator
community interaction module. Adaptation leads to coexistence between generalist
and specialist pollinators, and produces complex plant population dynamics,
involving alternative stable states and discrete transitions in the plant
community. Pollinator adaptation also leads to plant--plant apparent facilitation
that is mediated by changes in pollinator preferences. We show that adaptive
pollinator behavior reduces niche overlap and leads to coexistence by
specialization on different plants. Thus, this article documents how adaptive
pollinator preferences for plants change the structure and coexistence of
plant--pollinator communities.
BibTeX:
@article{revilla_krivan-jtb18,
author = {Revilla, T. A. and K{\v{r}}ivan, V.},
title = {Competition, trait-mediated facilitation, and the structure of plant-pollinator
communities},
journal = {Journal of Theoretical Biology},
year = {2018},
volume = {440},
pages = {42--57},
doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.12.019}
}
Revilla, T.A. & Krivan, V. (2016), "Pollinator Foraging Adaptation and
Coexistence of Competing Plants", PLoS ONE. Vol. 11(8), pp. e0160076.
[34][Abstract] [35][BibTeX] [36][DOI] [37][URL]
Abstract: We use the optimal foraging theory to study coexistence between two
plant species and a generalist pollinator. We compare conditions for plant
coexistence for non-adaptive vs. adaptive pollinators that adjust their foraging
strategy to maximize fitness. When pollinators have fixed preferences, we show
that plant coexistence typically requires both weak competition between plants
for resources (e.g., space or nutrients) and pollinator preferences that are not
too biased in favour of either plant. We also show how plant coexistence is
promoted by indirect facilitation via the pollinator. When pollinators are
adaptive foragers, pollinator's diet maximizes pollinator's fitness measured as
the per capita population growth rate. Simulations show that this has two
conflicting consequences for plant coexistence. On the one hand, when competition
between pollinators is weak, adaptation favours pollinator specialization on the
more profitable plant which increases asymmetries in plant competition and makes
their coexistence less likely. On the other hand, when competition between
pollinators is strong, adaptation promotes generalism, which facilitates plant
coexistence. In addition, adaptive foraging allows pollinators to survive sudden
loss of the preferred plant host, thus preventing further collapse of the entire
community.
BibTeX:
@article{revilla_krivan-plosone16,
author = {Revilla, T. A. and K{\v{r}}ivan, V.},
title = {Pollinator Foraging Adaptation and Coexistence of Competing Plants},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
year = {2016},
volume = {11},
number = {8},
pages = {e0160076},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160076}
}
Revilla, T.A. & Encinas-Viso, F. (2016), "Ecología y Evolución de la
Endozoocoria", Acta Biologica Venezuelica. Vol. 35(2), pp. 187-215.
[38][Abstract] [39][BibTeX] [40][URL] [41][URL]
Abstract: La dispersión de semillas por animales juega un papel muy importante en
el mantenimiento de la viabilidad de las poblaciones de plantas. Una de sus
formas mas conspicuas es la endozoocoria, es decir la dispersión de semillas por
frugívoros. En este trabajo construimos un modelo dinámico que considera varios
aspectos esenciales de la endozoocoria, tales como el ciclo de vida de las
plantas, y las características de consumo de los frugívoros. Con este modelo,
encontramos que la supervivencia de las semillas a la frugivoría tiene una
influencia desproporcionadamente grande sobre la abundancia vegetal. También
encontramos que factores de regulación denso-dependientes hacen que los
beneficios de la endozoocoria sean limitados. Tomando en consideración que las
adaptaciones para la endozoocoria involucran costos para la planta, usamos
nuestro modelo para estudiar la evolución de rasgos destinados a atraer animales.
En condiciones de selección denso-independiente, la endozoocoria tiende a ser
desfavorable si los costos involucrados son altos. En condiciones de selección
denso-dependiente, la endozoocoria es favorable incluso cuando los costos son
altos. Escenarios especiales de mortalidad denso-independientes y
denso-dependientes, y de fisiología sensorial de los animales, contribuyen a la
diversificación evolutiva de la endozoocoria.
BibTeX:
@Article{revilla_encinas-abv16,
author = {Revilla, T. A. and Encinas-Viso, F.},
title = {{E}cología y {E}volución de la {E}ndozoocoria},
journal = {{A}cta {B}iologica {V}enezuelica},
year = {2016},
volume = {35},
number = {2},
pages = {187--215},
owner = {tommy},
timestamp = {2016.05.24},
url = {http://190.169.94.12/ojs/index.php/revista_abv/article/view/10317}
}
Revilla, T.A. (2015), "Numerical responses in resource-based mutualisms: a time
scale approach", Journal of Theoretical Biology. Vol. 378, pp. 39-46.
[42][Abstract] [43][BibTeX] [44][DOI] [45][URL]
Abstract: Many mutualisms involve inter-specific resource exchanges, making
consumer--resource approaches ideal for studying their dynamics. Also in many
cases these resources are short lived (e.g. flowers) compared with the population
dynamics of their producers and consumers (e.g. plants and insects), which
justifies a separation of time scales. As a result, we can derive the numerical
response of one species with respect to the abundance of another. For resource
consumers, the numerical responses can account for intra-specific competition for
mutualistic resources (e.g. nectar), thus connecting competition theory and
mutualism mechanistically. For species that depend on services (e.g. pollination,
seed dispersal), the numerical responses display saturation of benefits, with
service handling times related with rates of resource production (e.g. flower
turnover time). In both scenarios, competition and saturation have the same
underlying cause, which is that resource production occurs at a finite velocity
per individual, but their consumption tracks the much faster rates of population
growth characterizing mutualisms. The resulting models display all the basic
features seen in many models of facultative and obligate mutualisms, and they can
be generalized from species pairs to larger communities
BibTeX:
@article{revilla-jtb15,
author = {Revilla, T. A.},
title = {Numerical responses in resource-based mutualisms: a time scale approach},
journal = {Journal of Theoretical Biology},
year = {2015},
volume = {378},
pages = {39--46},
note = {IF: 2.303},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.04.012}
}
Revilla, T.A. & Encinas-Viso, F. (2015), "Dynamical transitions in a
pollination--herbivory interaction: a conflict between mutualism and antagonism",
PLoS ONE. Vol. 10(2), pp. e0117964.
[46][Abstract] [47][BibTeX] [48][DOI] [49][URL] [50][URL]
Abstract: Plant-pollinator associations are often seen as purely mutualistic,
while in reality they can be more complex. Indeed they may also display a diverse
array of antagonistic interactions, such as competition and victim-exploiter
interactions. In some cases mutualistic and antagonistic interactions are
carried-out by the same species but at different life-stages. As a consequence,
population structure affects the balance of inter-specific associations, a topic
that is receiving increased attention. In this paper, we developed a model that
captures the basic features of the interaction between a flowering plant and an
insect with a larval stage that feeds on the plant's vegetative tissues (e.g.
leaves) and an adult pollinator stage. Our model is able to display a rich set of
dynamics, the most remarkable of which involves victim-exploiter oscillations
that allow plants to attain abundances above their carrying capacities and the
periodic alternation between states dominated by mutualism or antagonism. Our
study indicates that changes in the insect's life cycle can modify the balance
between mutualism and antagonism, causing important qualitative changes in the
interaction dynamics. These changes in the life cycle could be caused by a
variety of external drivers, such as temperature, plant nutrients, pesticides and
changes in the diet of adult pollinators.
BibTeX:
@article{revilla_encinas-plosone15,
author = {Revilla, T. A. and Encinas-Viso, F.},
title = {Dynamical transitions in a pollination--herbivory interaction: a conflict betwe
en mutualism and antagonism},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
year = {2015},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {e0117964},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117964}
}
Revilla, T.A., Encinas-Viso, F. & Loreau, M. (2015), "Robustness of
plant-pollinator networks under phenological change and habitat destruction",
Oikos. Vol. 124(1), pp. 22-32.
[51][Abstract] [52][BibTeX] [53][DOI] [54][URL]
Abstract: Climate change can alter species phenologies and therefore disrupt
species interactions. Habitat destruction can damage biodiversity and population
viability. However, we still know very little about the potential effects of
these two factors on the diversity and structure of interaction networks when
both act simultaneously. Here we developed a mutualistic metacommunity model to
explore the effects of habitat destruction and phenological changes on the
diversity and structure of plant-pollinator networks. Using an empirical data set
of plant and pollinator interactions and their duration in days, we simulated
increasing levels of habitat destruction, under projected scenarios of
phenological shifts as well for historically recorded changes in phenologies. On
one hand, we found that habitat destruction causes catastrophic collapse in
global diversity, as well as inducing alternative states. On the other hand,
phenological shifts tend to make interactions weaker, increasing local extinction
rates. Together, habitat destruction and phenological changes act
synergistically, making metacommunities even more vulnerable to global collapse.
Metacommunities are also more vulnerable to collapses under scenarios of
historical change, in which phenologies are shortened, not just shifted.
Furthermore, connectance and nestedness tends to decrease gradually with habitat
destruction before the global collapse. Small phenological shifts can raise
connectance slightly, due novel interactions appearing in a few generalist
species, but larger shifts always reduce connectance. We conclude that the
robustness of mutualistic metacommunities against habitat destruction can be
greatly impaired by the weakening of positive interactions that results from the
loss of phenological overlap.
BibTeX:
@article{revilla_etal-oikos15,
author = {Revilla, T. A. and Encinas-Viso, F. and Loreau, M.},
title = {Robustness of plant-pollinator networks under phenological change and habitat d
estruction},
journal = {Oikos},
year = {2015},
volume = {124},
number = {1},
pages = {22--32},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/oik.01532}
}
Encinas-Viso, F., Revilla, T.A. & Etienne, R.S. (2014), "Shifts in pollinator
population structure may jeopardize pollination service", Journal of Theoretical
Biology. Vol. 352, pp. 24-30.
[55][Abstract] [56][BibTeX] [57][DOI] [58][URL]
Abstract: Plant-pollinator interactions are among the best known and ubiquitous
plant-animal mutualisms and are crucial for ecosystem functioning and the
maintenance of biodiversity. Most pollinators are insects with several
life-stages (e.g. egg, larva, pupa, adult) and the mutualistic interaction
depends on the pollinator surviving these different life-stages. However, to our
knowledge, pollinator population structure has been ignored in most theoretical
models of plant-pollinator dynamics, and we lack understanding of the role of
different life-stages in determining the stability of the mutualism. Here we
therefore develop a simple plant-pollinator model with a facultative plant and an
obligate pollinator with stage-structure. Our model predicts a globally stable
equilibrium when pollinator demography is dominated by adults and a locally
stable equilibrium when the plants are strongly dependent on pollination and
pollinator demography is dominated by the larval stage. In the latter case, the
mutualism is vulnerable to fluctuations in the pollinator population size or
structure caused by external factors (e.g. pesticides) reducing larval
development and increasing adult mortality. This may cause a sudden collapse
rather than gradual decrease of the mutualism, after which the pollination
service cannot be recovered by reducing these detrimental external factors, but
must be accompanied by large increases in pollinator populations. This highlights
the importance of considering population structure in plant-pollinator
interactions.
BibTeX:
@article{encinas-viso_etal-jtb14,
author = {Encinas-Viso, F. and Revilla, T. A. and Etienne, R. S.},
title = {Shifts in pollinator population structure may jeopardize pollination service},
journal = {Journal of Theoretical Biology},
year = {2014}
volume = {352},
pages = {24--30},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.02.030}
}
Encinas-Viso, F., Revilla, T.A., van Velzen, E. & Etienne, R.S. (2014),
"Frugivores and cheap fruits make fruiting fruitful", Journal of Evolutionary
Biology. Vol. 27(2), pp. 313-324.
[59][Abstract] [60][BibTeX] [61][DOI] [62][URL] [63][URL]
Abstract: Animal seed dispersal provides an important ecosystem service by
strongly benefiting plant communities. There are several theoretical studies on
the ecology of plant-animal seed-disperser interactions, but few studies have
explored the evolution of this mutualism. Moreover, these studies ignore plant
life-history and frugivore foraging behavior. Thus, it remains an open question
what the conditions for the diversification of fruit traits are, in spite of the
multitude of empirical studies on fruit trait diversity. Here we study the
evolution of fruit traits using a spatially-explicit individual-based model,
which considers the costs associated with adaptations inducing dispersal by
frugivory, as well as frugivore foraging behavior and abundance. Our model
predicts that these costs are the main determinants of the evolution of fruit
traits, and that when the costs are not very high, the evolution of larger fruit
traits (e.g. fleshy/colorful fruits) is controlled by the choosiness and response
thresholds of the frugivores as well as their numerical abundance.
BibTeX:
@article{encinas_etal-jeb14,
author = {Encinas-Viso, F. and Revilla, T. A. and van Velzen, E. and Etienne, R. S.},
title = {Frugivores and cheap fruits make fruiting fruitful},
journal = {Journal of Evolutionary Biology},
year = {2014},
volume = {27},
number = {2},
pages = {865--877},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12301}
}
Revilla, T.A., Encinas-Viso, F. & Loreau, M. (2014), "(A bit) Earlier or later is
always better: Phenological shifts in consumer-resource interactions",
Theoretical Ecology. Vol. 7(2), pp. 149-162.
[64][Abstract] [65][BibTeX] [66][DOI] [67][URL]
Abstract: Phenology is a crucial life-history trait for species interactions and
it can have great repercussions on the persistence of communities and ecosystems.
Changes in phenology caused by climate change can disrupt species interactions
causing decreases in consumer growth rates, as suggested by the Match Mismatch
Hypothesis (MMH). However, it is still not clear what the long-term consequences
of such phenological changes are. In this paper we present models in which
phenology and consumer-resource feedbacks determine long-term community dynamics.
Our results show that consumer viability is constrained by limits in the amount
of phenological mismatch with their resources, in accordance with the MMH. But
the effects of phenological shifts are often non-monotonic. Consumers generally
have higher abundances when they recruit some time before or after their
resources because this reduces the long-term effects of overexploitation that
would otherwise occur under closer synchrony. Changes in the duration of
recruitment phenologies also have important impacts on community stability, with
shorter phenologies promoting oscillations and cycles. For small community
modules, the effects of phenological shifts on populations can be explained, to a
great extent, as superpositions of their effects on consumer-resource pairs. We
highlight that consumer-resource feedbacks and overexploitation, which are not
typically considered in phenological models, are important factors shaping the
long-term responses to phenological changes caused by climate change.
BibTeX:
@article{revilla_etal-theorecol13,
author = {Revilla, T. A. and Encinas-Viso, F. and Loreau, M.},
title = {(A bit) Earlier or later is always better: Phenological shifts in consumer-reso
urce interactions},
journal = {Theoretical Ecology},
year = {2014},
volume = {7},
number = {2},
pages = {149-162},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12080-013-0207-3}
}
Encinas-Viso, F., Revilla, T.A. & Etienne, R.S. (2012), "Phenology drives
mutualistic network structure and diversity", Ecology Letters. Vol. 15(3), pp.
198-208.
[68][Abstract] [69][BibTeX] [70][DOI] [71][URL]
Abstract: Several network properties have been identified as determinants of the
stability and complexity of mutualistic networks. However, it is unclear which
mechanisms give rise to these network properties. Phenology seems important,
because it shapes the topology of mutualistic networks, but its effects on the
dynamics of mutualistic networks have scarcely been studied. Here, we study these
effects with a general dynamical model of mutualistic and competitive
interactions where the interaction strength depends on the temporal overlap
between species resulting from their phenologies. We find a negative
complexity-stability relationship, where phenologies maximising mutualistic
interactions and minimising intraguild competitive interactions generate
speciose, nested and poorly connected networks with moderate asymmetry and low
resilience. Moreover, lengthening the season increases diversity and resilience.
This highlights the fragility of real mutualistic communities with short seasons
(e.g. Arctic environments) to drastic environmental changes.
BibTeX:
@article{encinas_etal-ecolett12,
author = {Encinas-Viso, F. and Revilla, T. A. and Etienne, R. S.},
title = {Phenology drives mutualistic network structure and diversity},
journal = {Ecology Letters},
year = {2012},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {198--208},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01726.x}
}
Revilla, T.A., Veen, G.F., M.B. Eppinga, M.B. & Weissing, F.J. (2012),
"Plant-soil feedbacks and the coexistence of competing plants", Theoretical
Ecology. Vol. 6(2), pp. 99-113.
[72][Abstract] [73][BibTeX] [74][DOI] [75][URL]
Abstract: Plant-soil feedbacks can have important implications for the
interactions among plants. Understanding these effects is a major challenge since
it is inherently difficult to measure and manipulate highly diverse soil
communities. Mathematical models may advance this understanding by making the
interplay of the various processes affecting plant-soil interaction explicit and
by quantifying the relative importance of the factors involved. The aim of this
paper is to provide a complete analysis of a pioneering plant-soil feedback model
developed by Bever and colleagues (J Ecol 85: 561-573, 1997; Ecol Lett 2: 52-62,
1999; New Phytol 157: 465-473, 2003) to fully understand the range of possible
impacts of plant-soil feedbacks on plant communities within this framework. We
analyze this model by means of a new graphical method that provides a complete
classification of the potential effects of soil communities on plant competition.
Due to the graphical character of the method, the results are relatively easy to
obtain and understand. We show that plant diversity depends crucially on two key
parameters that may be viewed as measures of the intensity of plant competition
and the direction and strength of plant-soil feedback, respectively. Our analysis
provides a formal underpinning of earlier claims that plant-soil feedbacks,
especially when they are negative, may enhance the diversity of plant
communities. In particular, negative plant-soil feedbacks can enhance the range
of plant coexistence by inducing competitive oscillations. However, these
oscillations can also destabilize plant coexistence, leading to low population
densities and extinctions. In addition, positive feedbacks can allow locally
stable forms of plant coexistence by inducing alternative stable states. Our
findings highlight that the inclusion of plant-soil interactions may
fundamentally alter the predictions on the structure and functioning of
above-ground ecosystems. The scenarios presented in this study can be used to
formulate hypotheses about the ways soil community effects may influence plant
competition that can be tested with empirical studies. This will advance our
understanding of the role of plant-soil feedback in ecological communities.
BibTeX:
@article{revilla_etal-theorecol12,
author = {Revilla, T. A. and Veen, G. F. and M. B. Eppinga, M. B. and Weissing, F. J.},
title = {Plant-soil feedbacks and the coexistence of competing plants},
journal = {Theoretical Ecology},
year = {2012},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {99-113},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12080-012-0163-3}
}
Revilla, T.A. & Weissing, F.J. (2008), "Nonequilibrium coexistence in a
competition model with nutrient storage", Ecology. Vol. 89(3), pp. 865-877.
[76][Abstract] [77][BibTeX] [78][DOI] [79][URL]
Abstract: Resource competition theory predicts that, in equilibrium, the number
of coexisting species cannot exceed the number of limiting resources. In some
competition models, however, competitive interactions may result in
nonequilibrium dynamics, allowing the coexistence of many species on few
resources. The relevance of these findings is still unclear, since some
assumptions of the underlying models are unrealistic. Most importantly, these
models assume that individual growth directly reflects the availability of
external resources, whereas real organisms can store resources, thereby
decoupling their growth from external fluctuations. Here we study the effects of
resource storage by extending the well-known Droop model to the context of
multiple species and multiple resources. We demonstrate that the extended Droop
model shows virtually the same complex dynamics as models without storage.
Depending on the model parameters, one may obtain competitive exclusion, stable
equilibrium coexistence, periodic and non-periodic oscillations, and chaos.
Again, nonequilibrium dynamics allows for the coexistence of many species on few
resources. We discuss our findings in the light of earlier work on resource
competition, highlighting the role of luxury consumption, trade-offs in
competitive abilities, and ecological stoichiometry.
BibTeX:
@article{revilla_weissing-ecology08,
author = {Revilla, T. A. and Weissing, F. J.},
title = {Nonequilibrium coexistence in a competition model with nutrient storage},
journal = {Ecology},
year = {2008},
volume = {89},
number = {3},
pages = {865-877},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-1103.1}
}
Chaves, L.F., Hernandez, M.J., Revilla, T.A., Rodríguez, D.J. & Rabinovich, J.E.
(2004), "Mortality profiles of Rhodnius prolixus (Heteroptera: Reduviidae),
vector of Chagas disease", Acta Tropica. Vol. 92(2), pp. 119-125.
[80][Abstract] [81][BibTeX] [82][DOI] [83][URL]
Abstract: Life table data of Rhodnius prolixus (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) kept at
laboratory conditions were analysed in search for mortality patterns. Gompertz
and Weibull mortality models seem adequate to explain the sigmoid shape of the
survivorship curve. A significant fit was obtained with both models for females
(R^2 = 0.70, P < 0.0005 for the Gompertz model; R^2 = 0.78, P < 0.0005 for the
Weibull model) and for males (R^2 = 0.39, P < 0.0005 for the Gompertz model; R^2
= 0.48, P < 0.0005 for the Weibull model). The mortality parameter (b) is higher
for females in Gompertz and Weibull models, using smoothed and non-smoothed data
(P < 0.05), revealing a significant sex mortality differential. Given the
particular life history of this insect, the non-linear relationship between the
force of mortality and age may have an important impact in the vectorial capacity
of R. prolixus as Chagas disease vector, and its consideration should be included
as an important factor in the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi by triatomines.
BibTeX:
@article{chaves_etal-actatrop02,
author = {Chaves, L. F. and Hernandez, M. J. and Revilla, T. A. and Rodríguez, D. J. and
Rabinovich, J. E.},
title = {Mortality profiles of Rhodnius prolixus (Heteroptera: Reduviidae), vector of Ch
agas disease},
journal = {Acta Tropica},
year = {2004},
volume = {92},
number = {2},
pages = {119-125},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2004.06.005}
}
Revilla, T.A. & García-Ramos, G. (2003), "Fighting a virus with a virus: a
dynamic model for HIV-1 therapy", Mathematical Biosciences. Vol. 185(2), pp.
191-203.
[84][Abstract] [85][BibTeX] [86][DOI] [87][URL]
Abstract: A mathematical model examined a potential therapy for controlling viral
infections using genetically modified viruses. The control of the infection is an
indirect effect of the selective elimination by an engineered virus of infected
cells that are the source of the pathogens. Therefore, this engineered virus
could greatly compensate for a dysfunctional immune system compromised by AIDS.
In vitro studies using engineered viruses have been shown to decrease the HIV-1
load about 1000-fold. However, the efficacy of this potential treatment for
reducing the viral load in AIDS patients is unknown. The present model studied
the interactions among the HIV-1 virus, its main host cell (activated CD4+ T
cells), and a therapeutic engineered virus in an in vivo context; and it examined
the conditions for controlling the pathogen. This model predicted a significant
drop in the HIV-1 load, but the treatment does not eradicate HIV. A basic
estimation using a currently engineered virus indicated an HIV-1 load reduction
of 92% and a recovery of host cells to 17% of their normal level. Greater success
(98% HIV reduction, 44% host cells recovery) is expected as more competent
engineered viruses are designed. These results suggest that therapy using viruses
could be an alternative to extend the survival of AIDS patients.
BibTeX:
@article{revilla_garcia-mathbios03,
author = {Revilla, T. A. and García-Ramos, G.},
title = {Fighting a virus with a virus: a dynamic model for HIV-1 therapy},
journal = {Mathematical Biosciences},
year = {2003},
volume = {185},
number = {2},
pages = {191-203},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-5564(03)00091-9}
}
Revilla, T.A. (2002), "Effects of Intraguild Predation on Resource Competition",
Journal of Theoretical Biology. Vol. 214(1), pp. 49-62.
[88][Abstract] [89][BibTeX] [90][DOI] [91][URL]
Abstract: In this work, a simple Lotka-Volterra model of intraguild predation
with three species is analysed, searching for the effect of the top predator on
the coexistence with its prey-competitor species. Apart from the well-known
result that the intraguild prey must be superior in the competition for the
shared prey in order to make coexistence possible, the magnitude of intraguild
predation and the form by which the intraguild predator makes use of the
intraguild prey have important consequences upon the dynamics, extending or
restricting the possibilities of coexistence. These results are easily obtained
by nullcline analysis. Also, some interesting results are obtained for the same
model but including saturating functional response.
BibTeX:
@article{revilla-jtb02,
author = {Revilla, T. A.},
title = {Effects of Intraguild Predation on Resource Competition},
journal = {Journal of Theoretical Biology},
year = {2002},
volume = {214},
number = {1},
pages = {49-62},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.2001.2448}
}
Revilla, T.A. (2000), "Resource Competition in Stage-structured Populations",
Journal of Theoretical Biology. Vol. 204(2), pp. 289-298.
[92][Abstract] [93][BibTeX] [94][DOI] [95][URL]
Abstract: Two models are made to account for the dynamics of a consumer-resource
system in which the consumers are divided into juveniles and adults. The resource
grows logistically and a type II functional response is assumed for consumers.
Resource levels determine fecundity and maturation rates in one model, and
mortality rates in the other. The analysis of the models shows that the condition
for establishment of consumers is that the product of per capita fecundity rate
and maturation rates is higher than the product of juvenile and adult per capita
decay rates at a resource level equal to its carrying capacity. This result
imposes a minimal abundance of resource able to maintain the consumers. A second
result shows an equilibrium stage structure, with a small instability when
juveniles and adults mean saturation constants are different. The implications of
these results for community dynamics are discussed.
BibTeX:
@article{revilla-jtb00,
author = {Revilla, T. A.},
title = {Resource Competition in Stage-structured Populations},
journal = {Journal of Theoretical Biology},
year = {2000},
volume = {204},
number = {2},
pages = {289-298},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.2000.2017}
}
< ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ >
Other publications
Revilla, T.A. & Encinas-Viso, F. (2015), "Ecología y evolución de la
endozoocoria", In Modelos y Simulaciones Biológicas: Ecología y Evolución.
Cipriani, R. & de Vladar, H. (ed.). Createspace, ISBN: 978-1516867561,
1516867564.
[96][Abstract] [97][BibTeX] [98][URL] [99][PDF]
Abstract: En muchas ocasiones la interacción entre plantas y animales puede
conducir a un mutualismo: el animal obtiene energía mientras que la planta recibe
los beneficios ecológicos de la dispersión. La zoocoria, el proceso de dispersión
por agentes animales, es muy importante para el mantenimiento de la viabilidad
las poblaciones de plantas. Una de las formas mas conspicuas de zoocoria es la
endozoocoria, es decir, la dispersión por parte de animales que consumen
propágulos vegetales (e.g. frugívoros). En este trabajo construimos un modelo
dinámico que considera varios aspectos esenciales de la endozoocoria. Con este
modelo, encontramos que la supervivencia de las semillas a la frugivoría tiene
una influencia desproporcionadamente grande sobre la abundancia vegetal. También
concluimos que los factores de regulación denso-dependientes hacen que los
beneficios de la endozoocoria sean limitados. Tomando en consideración que las
adaptaciones para la endozoocoria involucran costos para la planta, usamos
nuestro modelo para estudiar la evolución de rasgos destinados a atraer animales.
En condiciones de selección denso-independiente encontramos que la endozoocoria
tiende a ser desfavorable si los costos involucrados son altos, mientras que para
condiciones denso-dependientes esta tiende a ser favorable incluso si los costos
son altos. Finalmente, concluimos que el balance apropiado entre factores de
mortalidad denso-independientes vs denso-dependientes, y la fisiología sensorial
de los animales, puede contribuir a la diversificación evolutiva de la
endozoocoria.
BibTeX:
@incollection{revillaencinas2014,
author = {Revilla, T. A. and Encinas-Viso, F.},
title = {Ecología y Evolución de la Endozoocoria},
booktitle = {Modelos y Simulaciones Biológicas: Ecología y Evolución},
Publisher = {Createspace. ISBN: 978-1516867561, 1516867564},
Year = {2015},
Editor = {Cipriani, R. and de Vladar, H.P.}
url = {https://www.parmenides-foundation.org/publication/publication-details/ModSimBioEE
/}
}
Revilla, T.A. (2010), "Multispecies Resource Competition". PhD Thesis: University
of Groningen.
[100][Abstract] [101][BibTeX] [102][URL]
Abstract: The main focus of this thesis is the study of competition for resources
among many species, from a theoretical position. This is accomplished using the
"nutrient storage model" of algal competition. This model is of considerable
relevance in plankton ecology and in the field of ecological stoichiometry.
Unfortunately, previous research considered just a few species in contrast with
the hundreds that are present in real communities. Thanks to analytical and
numerical approaches, we can conclude that multispecies competition models with
nutrient storage display a rich and complicated dynamics including oscillations,
chaos and the coexistence of many species on few resources. To a great extent,
the different dynamics are the consequence of specific trade-offs in the species
consumption policies, which is also the case for less realistic models of
resource competition. In addition, the comparison with other models reveal that
there are general rules governing the multispecies dynamics, and such rules are
independent of the underlying mechanisms. This robustness is good news for a
niche based perspective of community ecology, in which diversity is the
consequence of the species properties. However, the addition of more mechanistic
detail, like the introduction of nutrient storage, reveals that predictability
becomes rather difficult, not to say pointless, because very small variation in
biological parameters or initial conditions can lead to equilibrium coexistence,
nonequilibrium coexistence, chaotic dynamics, or competitive exclusion. The
implication of these contrasting results is that competitive communities may
behave in a consistent way from a statistical perspective, but not in a case by
case basis.
BibTeX:
@phdthesis{mythesis2010,
author = {Revilla, T. A.},
title = {Multispecies Resource Competition},
school = {University of Groningen},
year = {2010},
}
Revilla, T.A. (2013), "Changement climatique: synchronisation des espèces et
modélisation", In Ariège, terre de science, Collection Petit Illustré. (19), pp.
16. La Dépêche du Midi / CNRS.
[103][Abstract] [104][BibTeX] [105][URL] [106][JPG]
Abstract: L'étude des variations que les climats font subir aux différenres
espèces végétales et animales permet de mieux comprendre les conséquences de ces
changements.
BibTeX:
@incollection{revilla-depeche13,
author = {Revilla, T. A.},
title = {Changement climatique: synchronisation des espèces et modélisation},
booktitle = {Ariège, terre de science, Collection Petit Illustré},
publisher = {La Dépêche du Midi / CNRS},
year = {2013},
number = {19},
pages = {16},
url = {http://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2013/10/09/1726476-foix-ariege-terre-de-sciences.
html}
}
Arnoldi, J-F., Haegeman, B., Revilla, T.A. & Loreau, M. (2016), "Particularity of
'Universal resilience patterns in complex networks'" , BioRxiv:056218.
[107][Abstract] [108][BibTeX] [109][URL]
Abstract: In a recent Letter to Nature, Gao, Barzel and Barabási describe
an elegant procedure to reduce the dimensionality of complex dynamical networks,
which they claim reveals "universal patterns of network resilience", offering
"ways to prevent the collapse of ecological, biological or economic systems, and
guiding the design of technological systems resilient to both internal failures
and environmental changes". However, Gao et al restrict their attention to
systems for which all interactions between nodes are mutualistic. Since
antagonism is ubiquitous in natural and social networks, we clarify why this
stringent hypothesis is necessary and what happens when it is relaxed. By
analysing broad classes of competitive and predator-prey networks we provide
novel insights into the underlying mechanisms at work in Gao et al's theory, and
novel predictions for dynamical systems that are not purely mutualistic.
BibTeX:
@article{Arnoldi056218,
author = {Arnoldi, Jean-Fran{\c c}ois and Haegeman, Bart and Revilla, Tom{\'a}s and Lore
au, Michel},
title = {Particularity of {\textquotedblleft}Universal resilience patterns in complex ne
tworks{\textquotedblright}},
year = {2016},
doi = {10.1101/056218},
publisher = {Cold Spring Harbor Labs Journals},
URL = {http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/05/31/056218},
eprint = {http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/05/31/056218.full.pdf},
journal = {bioRxiv}
}
< ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ >
Preprints, drafts, or in review
[110]Google scholar link
[111]arXiv.org link
< ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ >
____________________________________________________________________________
[112]Home [113]Contact [114]Research [115]Publications [116]Links
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111. https://arxiv.org/find/q-bio/1/au:+Revilla_T/0/1/0/all/0/1
112. http://tomrevilla.sdf.org/index.html
113. http://tomrevilla.sdf.org/contact.html
114. http://tomrevilla.sdf.org/research.html
115. http://tomrevilla.sdf.org/pubs.html
116. http://tomrevilla.sdf.org/links.html
Usage: http://www.kk-software.de/kklynxview/get/URL
e.g. http://www.kk-software.de/kklynxview/get/http://www.kk-software.de
Errormessages are in German, sorry ;-)