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Scholarpedia

   From Scholarpedia
   Eugene M. Izhikevich (2006), Scholarpedia, 1(2):1. [3]doi:10.4249/scholarpedia.1
   revision #170507 [[4]link to/cite this article]
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   Curator: [7]Eugene M. Izhikevich
   Contributors:


   0.13 -

   [8]Leo Trottier
   0.09 -

   [9]Abdellatif Nemri
   0.08 -

   [10]Jian K. Liu
   0.07 -

   [11]Madalina Erascu
   0.04 -

   [12]Benjamin Bronner
   0.03 -

   [13]Nick Orbeck
   0.02 -

   [14]Tobias Denninger
   0.02 -

   [15]Srikanth Ramaswamy
   0.02 -

   [16]Riccardo Guida
   0.02 -

   [17]Maxime Lemieux
   0.02 -

   [18]James William Hendry Sonne
   0.01 -

   [19]Nikos Green
   0.01 -

   [20]Robert P. O'Shea
   0.01 -

   [21]Graham W Griffiths
   0.01 -

   [22]Mortaza Doulaty

   [23]Sundeep Teki

   [24]Daniel Mietchen

   [25]Michelle L. Jones

   [26]Jie Bao

   [27]Serguei A. Mokhov

   [28]Fariba Yousefi

   [29]Elias August
     * [30]Eugene M. Izhikevich, Editor-in-Chief of Scholarpedia, the peer-reviewed
       open-access encyclopedia

   Scholarpedia is a peer-reviewed open-access encyclopedia written and maintained
   by [31]scholarly experts from around the world. Scholarpedia is inspired by
   [32]Wikipedia and aims to complement it by providing in-depth scholarly treatment
   of topics within the fields of mathematics and sciences including physical,
   biological, behavioral, and social sciences.

   Scholarpedia and Wikipedia are alike in many respects:
     * both allow anyone to propose revisions to almost any article
     * both are "wikis" and use the familiar [33]MediaWiki software designed for
       Wikipedia
     * both allow considerable freedom within each article's "Talk" pages
     * both are committed to the goal of making the world's knowledge freely
       available to all

   Nonetheless, Scholarpedia is best understood by how it is unlike most wikis,
   differences arising from Scholarpedia's academic origins, goals, and audience.
   The most significant is Scholarpedia's process of [34]peer-reviewed publication:
   all articles in Scholarpedia are either in the process of being written by a team
   of authors, or have already been published and are subject to expert curation.

   Prior to publication,
     * all new articles must first receive [35]sponsorship to validate the identity,
       authority, and ability of the authors who propose to write it
     * each article undergoes [36]scholarly peer-review, requiring public approval
       from at least two scholarly experts

   After publication,
     * articles appear within the [37]Scholarpedia Journal and can be cited like any
       other scholarly article
     * the visibility of future revisions to an article is controlled by the
       article's [38]Curator, usually the article's (most) established expert at
       time of publication
     * as soon as any individual's revision to an article is accepted, the
       individual joins a community of recognized (non-author) article contributors
     * the team of article contributors may from time to time [39]act in the
       Curator's stead
     * when an article curator resigns or is otherwise unable to serve, a new
       Curator is elected

   This hybrid model allows Scholarpedia articles to serve as a bridge between
   traditional peer-reviewed journals and more dynamic and up-to-date wikis without
   compromising quality or trustworthiness. It aims to remove the disincentives that
   discourage academics from participating in online publication and productive
   discussion on the topics they know best.

Contents

     * [40]1 Writing style
     * [41]2 Open access principles
     * [42]3 Article sponsorship and review
          + [43]3.1 Sponsorship
          + [44]3.2 Review
     * [45]4 Article maintenance
     * [46]5 How to cite Scholarpedia articles
     * [47]6 History
     * [48]7 See also

Writing style

   As a scholarly encyclopedia, Scholarpedia does not aim to publish original
   "research" or "position" papers. The focus, rather, is on "living reviews":
   encyclopedia articles written once but maintained over time by current and future
   generations of experts; reviews that track the development of the topics they
   summarize.

   Articles are meant to be accessible to a wide range of scholarly readers, but
   also to be useful to any reader who desires deeper knowledge of a topic after
   having exhausted other online resources.

   Scholarpedia articles are at their best when they are concise but not abstruse;
   when they are accessible to advanced undergraduates familiar with the area, as
   well as to graduate students in adjacent fields.

Open access principles

     * access to published Scholarpedia articles is free
     * at no time are authors charged a fee to publish review articles
     * all published articles' contents are available under [49]Creative Commons
       Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (please see the
       [50]Terms of Use)
     * all activity by all members is, by default, publicly visible
     * participants interact with the site using their real name
     * users have the right to "read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or
       link to the full texts of [Scholarpedia] articles" (Budapest Open Access
       Initiative's definition of open access)

Article sponsorship and review

   All published articles in Scholarpedia are first [51]sponsored and [52]reviewed.
   Each step serves a critical purpose in the development of a scholarly resource.

Sponsorship

   When an article is Sponsored, it means a trusted member of Scholarpedia (a
   [53]Curator or [54]Editor) has publicly vouched that:
    1. the proposed article's authors are, in fact, whom they claim to be
    2. within the team of authors is an individual widely recognized as a leading
       expert on the topic
    3. the proposed topic is scholarly and does not duplicate another published or
       already sponsored article

   Once an article is sponsored, the proposed article's authors have an exclusive
   right to the authorship of the proposed topic in Scholarpedia for a limited time.
   If the article is not published by its deadline, the article reverts back to its
   pre-sponsorship stage.

Review

   Once the final draft of an article is complete, both the article's authors and
   its sponsor are eligible to invite any Scholarpedia Curator to review it. Note
   that, in Scholarpedia, peer-review is (by default) non-anonymous, however any
   user wishing to provide feedback on an article is welcome to ask a trustworthy
   user (e.g. an Editor) to comment on his or her behalf. In the same vein, while
   article approval is non-anonymous, article rejection is, and can be performed by
   any Editor, or indeed anyone invited to review an article.

   At present, article publication requires public approval of the article by two
   Scholarpedia Curators, Editors, or [55]Scholars.

   By approving an article for publication, the user is publicly affirming that the
   article is an encyclopedic and scholarly treatment of the topic.

   Once published, the original identities of the authors are recorded and presented
   immediately beside the article title.

Article maintenance

   Once an article is published, its (most) established expert becomes the article's
   Curator. As Curator, he or she has the final say over accepting future revisions
   to the article, and the ability to sponsor or review other in-progress articles.

   Any registered user can propose a modification of a published article, however
   the modification does not appear within the article until either (1) it is
   approved by the article Curator or until (2) it receives unanimous approval from
   at least two other members of the article community (if any member of the article
   community disagrees, the revision remains unapproved until the article Curator
   approves or rejects it).

   The article's sponsors, reviewers, and non-Curator authors automatically join the
   community of article contributors when the article is published. This community
   exists in part to relieve the Curator from needing to evaluate trivial revisions.
   Because the Scholarpedia system evaluates each contributor noting how often the
   contributor's revision judgments matched the final outcomes for each revision, to
   the extent that the community participates in evaluating revisions, it will
   imitate the Curator's judgment -- when contributors disagree too frequently with
   the verdicts of the Curator, they lose the ability to approve or reject future
   revisions.

   In the 13th edition of Encyclopædia Britannica (published 1926), Sigmund Freud
   wrote "Psychoanalysis" and Albert Einstein wrote "Space-Time". Had this venerable
   publication employed a curatorship model, the maintenance of Freud's and
   Einstein's articles would today be seen as positions of honor and responsibility.
   The goal of Scholarpedia is to recruit today's Einsteins and Freuds to write and
   maintain encyclopedic articles concerning their own fundamental discoveries.

How to cite Scholarpedia articles

   Upon approval, articles in Scholarpedia are [56]archived in a journal (ISSN
   1941-6016). They can thus be cited as any other peer-reviewed article. For
   example,

                      Izhikevich E. M. (2006) [57]Bursting. Scholarpedia, 1(3):1300

   This citation, found below the article's title, always refers to the latest
   approved version of the article that is shown to visitors by default. Any
   particular approved revision of the article can also be cited. For example,

                      Izhikevich E. M. (2006) Bursting. Scholarpedia, 1(3):1300,
                      revision 1401

   Each article maintains a permanent history of its revisions, accessible via the
   'revisions' tab, providing a window into the process of review and the progress
   of ideas.

History

   Scholarpedia was conceived by [58]Dr. Eugene M. Izhikevich at the end of 2005,
   while he was contributing to Wikipedia.

   Up until October 20, 2011, Scholarpedia relied on its [59]editors to identify and
   convince the top leading experts to contribute encyclopedic articles, and on its
   [60]assistant editors to help the top experts with their articles. This resulted
   in nearly a thousand peer-reviewed articles in the field of [61]dynamical
   systems, [62]computational neuroscience, and physics. After October 20, 2011, a
   second method for articles to be created was deployed, allowing anyone to propose
   an article, but requiring that articles receive [63]sponsorship to both reserve
   their topic and to publish it. Only Scholarpedia [64]Editors and [65]Curators are
   permitted to act as article sponsors.

See also

   [66]Wikipedia, [67]Open access
   Sponsored by: [68]Eugene M. Izhikevich, Editor-in-Chief of Scholarpedia, the
   peer-reviewed open-access encyclopedia
   [69]Reviewed by: [70]Anonymous
   Accepted on: [71]2006-02-05 09:31:28 GMT
   Retrieved from
   "[72]http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scholarpedia&oldid=170507"

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Focal areas

     * [86]Astrophysics
     * [87]Celestial mechanics
     * [88]Computational neuroscience
     * [89]Computational intelligence
     * [90]Dynamical systems
     * [91]Physics
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Activity

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       License

     * "Scholarpedia" by [113]Eugene M. Izhikevich is licensed under a [114]Creative
       Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
       Permissions beyond the scope of this license are described in the [115]Terms
       of Use

     * [116]Privacy policy
     * [117]About Scholarpedia
     * [118]Disclaimers

References

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   2. http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom
   3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4249/scholarpedia.1
   4. http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scholarpedia&action=cite&rev=170507
   5. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia#mw-head
   6. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia#p-search
   7. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/User:Eugene_M._Izhikevich
   8. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/User:Leo_Trottier
   9. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/User:Abdellatif_Nemri
  10. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/User:Jian_K._Liu
  11. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/User:Madalina_Erascu
  12. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/User:Benjamin_Bronner
  13. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/User:Nick_Orbeck
  14. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/User:Tobias_Denninger
  15. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/User:Srikanth_Ramaswamy
  16. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/User:Riccardo_Guida
  17. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/User:Maxime_Lemieux
  18. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/User:James_William_Hendry_Sonne
  19. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/User:Nikos_Green
  20. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/User:Robert_P._O%27Shea
  21. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/User:Graham_W_Griffiths
  22. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/User:Mortaza_Doulaty
  23. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/User:Sundeep_Teki
  24. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/User:Daniel_Mietchen
  25. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/User:Michelle_L._Jones
  26. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/User:Jie_Bao
  27. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/User:Serguei_A._Mokhov
  28. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/User:Fariba_Yousefi
  29. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/User:Elias_August
  30. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/User:Eugene_M._Izhikevich
  31. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia:Authors
  32. http://www.wikipedia.org/
  33. http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki
  34. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia:Publication
  35. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia:Sponsorship
  36. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia:Peer-review_process
  37. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia:Journal
  38. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia:Curator
  39. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia:Implicit_approval
  40. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia#Writing_style
  41. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia#Open_access_principles
  42. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia#Article_sponsorship_and_review
  43. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia#Sponsorship
  44. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia#Review
  45. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia#Article_maintenance
  46. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia#How_to_cite_Scholarpedia_articles
  47. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia#History
  48. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia#See_also
  49. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/deed.en_US
  50. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia:Terms_of_Use
  51. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia:Sponsorship
  52. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia:Peer-review
  53. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia:Curator
  54. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia:Editor
  55. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia:Scholar
  56. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Special:Journal
  57. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Bursting
  58. http://www.izhikevich.org/
  59. http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AListUsers&group=Editor
  60. http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AListUsers&group=sp_Assistantedit
  61. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Dynamical_systems
  62. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Encyclopedia_of_Computational_Neuroscience
  63. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia:Sponsor
  64. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia:Editor
  65. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia:Curator
  66. http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia&action=edit&redlink=1
  67. http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Open_access&action=edit&redlink=1
  68. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/User:Eugene_M._Izhikevich
  69. http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scholarpedia&oldid=1286
  70. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/User:Anonymous
  71. http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scholarpedia&oldid=1286
  72. http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scholarpedia&oldid=170507
  73. http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Scholarpedia
  74. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia
  75. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Talk:Scholarpedia
  76. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia
  77. http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scholarpedia&action=edit
  78. http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scholarpedia&action=history
  79. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Main_Page
  80. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia:About
  81. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Special:ProposeArticle
  82. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia:Instructions_for_Authors
  83. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Special:Random
  84. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Help:Frequently_Asked_Questions
  85. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia:Help
  86. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Encyclopedia:Astrophysics
  87. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Encyclopedia:Celestial_Mechanics
  88. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Encyclopedia:Computational_neuroscience
  89. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Encyclopedia:Computational_intelligence
  90. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Encyclopedia:Dynamical_systems
  91. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Encyclopedia:Physics
  92. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Encyclopedia:Touch
  93. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia:Topics
  94. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Special:RecentlyPublished
  95. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Special:RecentlySponsored
  96. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Special:RecentChanges
  97. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Special:AllPages
  98. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Special:ListCurators
  99. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Special:ListUsers
 100. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Special:Journal
 101. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Special:WhatLinksHere/Scholarpedia
 102. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Scholarpedia
 103. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Special:SpecialPages
 104. http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scholarpedia&printable=yes
 105. http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scholarpedia&oldid=170507
 106. https://twitter.com/scholarpedia
 107. https://plus.google.com/112873162496270574424
 108. http://www.facebook.com/Scholarpedia
 109. http://www.linkedin.com/groups/Scholarpedia-4647975/about
 110. http://www.mediawiki.org/
 111. http://www.mathjax.org/
 112. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/deed.en_US
 113. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia
 114. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/deed.en_US
 115. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia:Terms_of_use
 116. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia:Privacy_policy
 117. http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia:About
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