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What is R?

Introduction to R

   R is a language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. It is a
   [31]GNU project which is similar to the S language and environment which was
   developed at Bell Laboratories (formerly AT&T, now Lucent Technologies) by John
   Chambers and colleagues. R can be considered as a different implementation of S.
   There are some important differences, but much code written for S runs unaltered
   under R.

   R provides a wide variety of statistical (linear and nonlinear modelling,
   classical statistical tests, time-series analysis, classification, clustering,
   ...) and graphical techniques, and is highly extensible. The S language is often
   the vehicle of choice for research in statistical methodology, and R provides an
   Open Source route to participation in that activity.

   One of R's strengths is the ease with which well-designed publication-quality
   plots can be produced, including mathematical symbols and formulae where needed.
   Great care has been taken over the defaults for the minor design choices in
   graphics, but the user retains full control.

   R is available as Free Software under the terms of the [32]Free Software
   Foundation's [33]GNU General Public License in source code form. It compiles and
   runs on a wide variety of UNIX platforms and similar systems (including FreeBSD
   and Linux), Windows and MacOS.

The R environment

   R is an integrated suite of software facilities for data manipulation,
   calculation and graphical display. It includes
     * an effective data handling and storage facility,
     * a suite of operators for calculations on arrays, in particular matrices,
     * a large, coherent, integrated collection of intermediate tools for data
       analysis,
     * graphical facilities for data analysis and display either on-screen or on
       hardcopy, and
     * a well-developed, simple and effective programming language which includes
       conditionals, loops, user-defined recursive functions and input and output
       facilities.

   The term "environment" is intended to characterize it as a fully planned and
   coherent system, rather than an incremental accretion of very specific and
   inflexible tools, as is frequently the case with other data analysis software.

   R, like S, is designed around a true computer language, and it allows users to
   add additional functionality by defining new functions. Much of the system is
   itself written in the R dialect of S, which makes it easy for users to follow the
   algorithmic choices made. For computationally-intensive tasks, C, C++ and Fortran
   code can be linked and called at run time. Advanced users can write C code to
   manipulate R objects directly.

   Many users think of R as a statistics system. We prefer to think of it as an
   environment within which statistical techniques are implemented. R can be
   extended (easily) via packages. There are about eight packages supplied with the
   R distribution and many more are available through the CRAN family of Internet
   sites covering a very wide range of modern statistics.

   R has its own LaTeX-like documentation format, which is used to supply
   comprehensive documentation, both on-line in a number of formats and in hardcopy.
   © The R Foundation. For queries about this web site, please contact ; for queries
   about R itself, please consult the [34]Getting Help section.

References

   1. http://www.r-project.org/
   2. http://www.r-project.org/
   3. https://cran.r-project.org/mirrors.html
   4. http://www.r-project.org/about.html
   5. http://www.r-project.org/logo/
   6. http://www.r-project.org/contributors.html
   7. http://www.r-project.org/news.html
   8. http://www.r-project.org/bugs.html
   9. http://www.r-project.org/conferences/
  10. http://www.r-project.org/search.html
  11. http://www.r-project.org/mail.html
  12. https://contributor.r-project.org/
  13. https://developer.R-project.org/
  14. https://blog.r-project.org/
  15. http://www.r-project.org/foundation/
  16. http://www.r-project.org/foundation/board.html
  17. http://www.r-project.org/foundation/members.html
  18. http://www.r-project.org/foundation/donors.html
  19. http://www.r-project.org/foundation/donations.html
  20. http://www.r-project.org/help.html
  21. https://cran.r-project.org/manuals.html
  22. https://cran.r-project.org/faqs.html
  23. https://journal.r-project.org/
  24. http://www.r-project.org/doc/bib/R-books.html
  25. http://www.r-project.org/certification.html
  26. http://www.r-project.org/other-docs.html
  27. https://www.bioconductor.org/
  28. https://r-forge.r-project.org/
  29. https://r-hub.github.io/rhub/
  30. http://www.r-project.org/gsoc.html
  31. http://www.gnu.org/
  32. http://www.gnu.org/
  33. http://www.r-project.org/COPYING
  34. http://www.r-project.org/help.html