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RFC 3023 - XML Media Types

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RFC 3023 - XML Media Types

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Network Working Group                                          M. Murata
Request for Comments: 3023                 IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory
Obsoletes: 2376                                            S. St.Laurent
Updates: 2048                                               simonstl.com
Category: Standards Track                                        D. Kohn
                                                        Skymoon Ventures
                                                            January 2001

                            XML Media Types

Status of this Memo

   This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
   Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
   improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
   Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
   and status of this protocol.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001).  All Rights Reserved.

Abstract

   This document standardizes five new media types -- text/xml,
   application/xml, text/xml-external-parsed-entity, application/xml-
   external-parsed-entity, and application/xml-dtd -- for use in
   exchanging network entities that are related to the Extensible Markup
   Language (XML).  This document also standardizes a convention (using
   the suffix '+xml') for naming media types outside of these five types
   when those media types represent XML MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail
   Extensions) entities.  XML MIME entities are currently exchanged via
   the HyperText Transfer Protocol on the World Wide Web, are an
   integral part of the WebDAV protocol for remote web authoring, and
   are expected to have utility in many domains.

   Major differences from [20]RFC 2376 are (1) the addition of text/xml-
   external-parsed-entity, application/xml-external-parsed-entity, and
   application/xml-dtd, (2) the '+xml' suffix convention (which also
   updates the [21]RFC 2048 registration process), and (3) the discussion of
   "utf-16le" and "utf-16be".

Table of Contents

   1.   Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.   Notational Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   3.   XML Media Types  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   3.1  Text/xml Registration  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   3.2  Application/xml Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   3.3  Text/xml-external-parsed-entity Registration . . . . . . . .  11
   3.4  Application/xml-external-parsed-entity Registration  . . . .  12
   3.5  Application/xml-dtd Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   3.6  Summary  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   4.   The Byte Order Mark (BOM) and Conversions to/from the UTF-16
        Charset  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
   5.   Fragment Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
   6.   The Base URI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
   7.   A Naming Convention for XML-Based Media Types  . . . . . . .  16
   7.1  Referencing  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
   8.   Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
   8.1  Text/xml with UTF-8 Charset  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
   8.2  Text/xml with UTF-16 Charset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
   8.3  Text/xml with UTF-16BE Charset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
   8.4  Text/xml with ISO-2022-KR Charset  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
   8.5  Text/xml with Omitted Charset  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
   8.6  Application/xml with UTF-16 Charset  . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
   8.7  Application/xml with UTF-16BE Charset  . . . . . . . . . . .  21
   8.8  Application/xml with ISO-2022-KR Charset . . . . . . . . . .  21
   8.9  Application/xml with Omitted Charset and UTF-16 XML MIME
        Entity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21
   8.10 Application/xml with Omitted Charset and UTF-8 Entity  . . .  22
   8.11 Application/xml with Omitted Charset and Internal Encoding
        Declaration  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  22
   8.12 Text/xml-external-parsed-entity with UTF-8 Charset . . . . .  22
   8.13 Application/xml-external-parsed-entity with UTF-16 Charset .  23
   8.14 Application/xml-external-parsed-entity with UTF-16BE Charset  23
   8.15 Application/xml-dtd  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23
   8.16 Application/mathml+xml . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  24
   8.17 Application/xslt+xml . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  24
   8.18 Application/rdf+xml  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  24
   8.19 Image/svg+xml  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  24
   8.20 INCONSISTENT EXAMPLE: Text/xml with UTF-8 Charset  . . . . .  25
   9.   IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  25
   10.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  25
        References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  27
        Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  31
   A.   Why Use the '+xml' Suffix for XML-Based MIME Types?  . . . .  32
   A.1  Why not just use text/xml or application/xml and let the XML
        processor dispatch to the correct application based on the
        referenced DTD?  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  32

   A.2  Why not create a new subtree (e.g., image/xml.svg) to
        represent XML MIME types?  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  32
   A.3  Why not create a new top-level MIME type for XML-based media
        types? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  32
   A.4  Why not just have the MIME processor 'sniff' the content to
        determine whether it is XML? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  33
   A.5  Why not use a MIME parameter to specify that a media type
        uses XML syntax? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  33
   A.6  How about labeling with parameters in the other direction
        (e.g., application/xml; Content-Feature=iotp)? . . . . . . .  34
   A.7  How about a new superclass MIME parameter that is defined to
        apply to all MIME types (e.g., Content-Type:
        application/iotp; $superclass=xml)?  . . . . . . . . . . . .  34
   A.8  What about adding a new parameter to the Content-Disposition
        header or creating a new Content-Structure header to
        indicate XML syntax? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  35
   A.9  How about a new Alternative-Content-Type header? . . . . . .  35
   A.10 How about using a conneg tag instead (e.g., accept-features:
        (syntax=xml))? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  35
   A.11 How about a third-level content-type, such as text/xml/rdf?   35
   A.12 Why use the plus ('+') character for the suffix '+xml'?  . .  36
   A.13 What is the semantic difference between application/foo and
        application/foo+xml? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  36
   A.14 What happens when an even better markup language (e.g.,
        EBML) is defined, or a new category of data? . . . . . . . .  36
   A.15 Why must I use the '+xml' suffix for my new XML-based media
        type?  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  37
   B.   Changes from [22]RFC 2376  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  37
   C.   Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  38
        Full Copyright Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  39

1. Introduction

   The World Wide Web Consortium has issued Extensible Markup Language
   (XML) 1.0 (Second Edition)[XML].  To enable the exchange of XML
   network entities, this document standardizes five new media types --
   text/xml, application/xml, text/xml-external-parsed-entity,
   application/xml-external-parsed-entity, and application/xml-dtd -- as
   well as a naming convention for identifying XML-based MIME media
   types.

   XML entities are currently exchanged on the World Wide Web, and XML
   is also used for property values and parameter marshalling by the
   WebDAV[[23]RFC2518] protocol for remote web authoring.  Thus, there is a
   need for a media type to properly label the exchange of XML network
   entities.

   Although XML is a subset of the Standard Generalized Markup Language
   (SGML) ISO 8879[SGML], which has been assigned the media types
   text/sgml and application/sgml, there are several reasons why use of
   text/sgml or application/sgml to label XML is inappropriate.  First,
   there exist many applications that can process XML, but that cannot
   process SGML, due to SGML's larger feature set.  Second, SGML
   applications cannot always process XML entities, because XML uses
   features of recent technical corrigenda to SGML.  Third, the
   definition of text/sgml and application/sgml in [[24]RFC1874] includes
   parameters for SGML bit combination transformation format (SGML-
   bctf), and SGML boot attribute (SGML-boot).  Since XML does not use
   these parameters, it would be ambiguous if such parameters were given
   for an XML MIME entity.  For these reasons, the best approach for
   labeling XML network entities is to provide new media types for XML.

   Since XML is an integral part of the WebDAV Distributed Authoring
   Protocol, and since World Wide Web Consortium Recommendations have
   conventionally been assigned IETF tree media types, and since similar
   media types (HTML, SGML) have been assigned IETF tree media types,
   the XML media types also belong in the IETF media types tree.

   Similarly, XML will be used as a foundation for other media types,
   including types in every branch of the IETF media types tree.  To
   facilitate the processing of such types, media types based on XML,
   but that are not identified using text/xml or application/xml, SHOULD
   be named using a suffix of '+xml' as described in Section 7.  This
   will allow XML-based tools -- browsers, editors, search engines, and
   other processors -- to work with all XML-based media types.

2. Notational Conventions

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [[25]RFC2119].

   As defined in [[26]RFC2781], the three charsets "utf-16", "utf-16le", and
   "utf-16be" are used to label UTF-16 text.  In this document, "the
   UTF-16 family" refers to those three charsets.  By contrast, the
   phrases "utf-16" or UTF-16 in this document refer specifically to the
   single charset "utf-16".

   As sometimes happens between two communities, both MIME and XML have
   defined the term entity, with different meanings.  Section 2.4 of
   [[27]RFC2045] says:

      "The term 'entity' refers specifically to the MIME-defined header
      fields and contents of either a message or one of the parts in the
      body of a multipart entity".

   Section 4 of [XML] says:

      "An XML document may consist of one or many storage units" called
      entities that "have content" and are normally "identified by
      name".

   In this document, "XML MIME entity" is defined as the latter (an XML
   entity) encapsulated in the former (a MIME entity).

3. XML Media Types

   This document standardizes five media types related to XML MIME
   entities: text/xml, application/xml, text/xml-external-parsed-entity,
   application/xml-external-parsed-entity, and application/xml-dtd.
   Registration information for these media types is described in the
   sections below.

   Within the XML specification, XML MIME entities can be classified
   into four types.  In the XML terminology, they are called "document
   entities", "external DTD subsets", "external parsed entities", and
   "external parameter entities".  The media types text/xml and
   application/xml MAY be used for "document entities", while text/xml-
   external-parsed-entity or application/xml-external-parsed-entity
   SHOULD be used for "external parsed entities".  The media type
   application/xml-dtd SHOULD be used for "external DTD subsets" or
   "external parameter entities".  application/xml and text/xml MUST NOT
   be used for "external parameter entities" or "external DTD subsets",
   and MUST NOT be used for "external parsed entities" unless they are
   also well-formed "document entities" and are referenced as such.
   Note that [[28]RFC2376] (which this document obsoletes) allowed such
   usage, although in practice it is likely to have been rare.

   Neither external DTD subsets nor external parameter entities parse as
   XML documents, and while some XML document entities may be used as
   external parsed entities and vice versa, there are many cases where
   the two are not interchangeable.  XML also has unparsed entities,
   internal parsed entities, and internal parameter entities, but they
   are not XML MIME entities.

   If an XML document -- that is, the unprocessed, source XML document
   -- is readable by casual users, text/xml is preferable to
   application/xml.  MIME user agents (and web user agents) that do not
   have explicit support for text/xml will treat it as text/plain, for
   example, by displaying the XML MIME entity as plain text.
   Application/xml is preferable when the XML MIME entity is unreadable
   by casual users.  Similarly, text/xml-external-parsed-entity is

   preferable when an external parsed entity is readable by casual
   users, but application/xml-external-parsed-entity is preferable when
   a plain text display is inappropriate.

      NOTE: Users are in general not used to text containing tags such
      as , and often find such tags quite disorienting or
      annoying.  If one is not sure, the conservative principle would
      suggest using application/* instead of text/* so as not to put
      information in front of users that they will quite likely not
      understand.

   The top-level media type "text" has some restrictions on MIME
   entities and they are described in [[29]RFC2045] and [[30]RFC2046].  In
   particular, the UTF-16 family, UCS-4, and UTF-32 are not allowed
   (except over HTTP[[31]RFC2616], which uses a MIME-like mechanism).  Thus,
   if an XML document or external parsed entity is encoded in such
   character encoding schemes, it cannot be labeled as text/xml or
   text/xml-external-parsed-entity (except for HTTP).

   Text/xml and application/xml behave differently when the charset
   parameter is not explicitly specified.  If the default charset (i.e.,
   US-ASCII) for text/xml is inconvenient for some reason (e.g., bad web
   servers), application/xml provides an alternative (see "Optional
   parameters" of application/xml registration in Section 3.2).  The
   same rules apply to the distinction between text/xml-external-
   parsed-entity and application/xml-external-parsed-entity.

   XML provides a general framework for defining sequences of structured
   data.  In some cases, it may be desirable to define new media types
   that use XML but define a specific application of XML, perhaps due to
   domain-specific security considerations or runtime information.
   Furthermore, such media types may allow UTF-8 or UTF-16 only and
   prohibit other charsets.  This document does not prohibit such media
   types and in fact expects them to proliferate.  However, developers
   of such media types are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to use this document as
   a basis for their registration.  In particular, the charset parameter
   SHOULD be used in the same manner, as described in Section 7.1, in
   order to enhance interoperability.

   An XML document labeled as text/xml or application/xml might contain
   namespace declarations, stylesheet-linking processing instructions
   (PIs), schema information, or other declarations that might be used
   to suggest how the document is to be processed.  For example, a
   document might have the XHTML namespace and a reference to a CSS
   stylesheet.  Such a document might be handled by applications that
   would use this information to dispatch the document for appropriate
   processing.

3.1 Text/xml Registration

   MIME media type name: text

   MIME subtype name: xml

   Mandatory parameters: none

   Optional parameters: charset

      Although listed as an optional parameter, the use of the charset
      parameter is STRONGLY RECOMMENDED, since this information can be
      used by XML processors to determine authoritatively the character
      encoding of the XML MIME entity.  The charset parameter can also
      be used to provide protocol-specific operations, such as charset-
      based content negotiation in HTTP.  "utf-8" [[32]RFC2279] is the
      recommended value, representing the UTF-8 charset.  UTF-8 is
      supported by all conforming processors of [XML].

      If the XML MIME entity is transmitted via HTTP, which uses a
      MIME-like mechanism that is exempt from the restrictions on the
      text top-level type (see section 19.4.1 of [[33]RFC2616]), "utf-16"
      [[34]RFC2781]) is also recommended.  UTF-16 is supported by all
      conforming processors of [XML].  Since the handling of CR, LF and
      NUL for text types in most MIME applications would cause undesired
      transformations of individual octets in UTF-16 multi-octet
      characters, gateways from HTTP to these MIME applications MUST
      transform the XML MIME entity from text/xml; charset="utf-16" to
      application/xml; charset="utf-16".

      Conformant with [[35]RFC2046], if a text/xml entity is received with
      the charset parameter omitted, MIME processors and XML processors
      MUST use the default charset value of "us-ascii"[ASCII].  In cases
      where the XML MIME entity is transmitted via HTTP, the default
      charset value is still "us-ascii".  (Note: There is an
      inconsistency between this specification and HTTP/1.1, which uses
      ISO-8859-1[ISO8859] as the default for a historical reason.  Since
      XML is a new format, a new default should be chosen for better
      I18N.  US-ASCII was chosen, since it is the intersection of UTF-8
      and ISO-8859-1 and since it is already used by MIME.)

      There are several reasons that the charset parameter is
      authoritative.  First, some MIME processing engines do transcoding
      of MIME bodies of the top-level media type "text" without
      reference to any of the internal content.  Thus, it is possible
      that some agent might change text/xml; charset="iso-2022-jp" to
      text/xml; charset="utf-8" without modifying the encoding
      declaration of an XML document.  Second, text/xml must be

      compatible with text/plain, since MIME agents that do not
      understand text/xml will fallback to handling it as text/plain.
      If the charset parameter for text/xml were not authoritative, such
      fallback would cause data corruption.  Third, recent web servers
      have been improved so that users can specify the charset
      parameter.  Fourth, [[36]RFC2130] specifies that the recommended
      specification scheme is the "charset" parameter.

      Since the charset parameter is authoritative, the charset is not
      always declared within an XML encoding declaration.  Thus, special
      care is needed when the recipient strips the MIME header and
      provides persistent storage of the received XML MIME entity (e.g.,
      in a file system).  Unless the charset is UTF-8 or UTF-16, the
      recipient SHOULD also persistently store information about the
      charset, perhaps by embedding a correct XML encoding declaration
      within the XML MIME entity.

   Encoding considerations: This media type MAY be encoded as
      appropriate for the charset and the capabilities of the underlying
      MIME transport.  For 7-bit transports, data in UTF-8 MUST be
      encoded in quoted-printable or base64.  For 8-bit clean transport
      (e.g., 8BITMIME[[37]RFC1652] ESMTP or NNTP[[38]RFC0977]), UTF-8 does not
      need to be encoded.  Over HTTP[[39]RFC2616], no content-transfer-
      encoding is necessary and UTF-16 may also be used.

   Security considerations: See Section 10.

   Interoperability considerations: XML has proven to be interoperable
      across WebDAV clients and servers, and for import and export from
      multiple XML authoring tools.  For maximum interoperability,
      validating processors are recommended.  Although non-validating
      processors may be more efficient, they are not required to handle
      all features of XML.  For further information, see sub-section 2.9
      "Standalone Document Declaration" and section 5 "Conformance" of
      [XML].

   Published specification: Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Second
      Edition)[XML].

   Applications which use this media type: XML is device-, platform-,
      and vendor-neutral and is supported by a wide range of Web user
      agents, WebDAV[[40]RFC2518] clients and servers, as well as XML
      authoring tools.

   Additional information:

      Magic number(s): None.

         Although no byte sequences can be counted on to always be
         present, XML MIME entities in ASCII-compatible charsets
         (including UTF-8) often begin with hexadecimal 3C 3F 78 6D 6C
         ("
      "/" / "[" / "]" / "?" / "="

   It was thought that "". would not be a good choice since it is
   already used as an additional hierarchy delimiter.  Also, "*" has a
   common wildcard meaning, and "-" and "_" are common word separators
   and easily confused.  The characters %'`#& are frequently used for
   quoting or comments and so are not ideal.

   That leaves: ~!$^+{}|

   Note that "-" is used heavily in the current registry.  "$" and "_"
   are used once each.  The others are currently unused.

   It was thought that '+' expressed the semantics that a MIME type can
   be treated (for example) as both scalable vector graphics AND ALSO as
   XML; it is both simultaneously.

A.13 What is the semantic difference between application/foo and
     application/foo+xml?

   MIME processors that are unaware of XML will treat the '+xml' suffix
   as completely opaque, so it is essential that no extra semantics be
   assigned to its presence.  Therefore, application/foo and
   application/foo+xml SHOULD be treated as completely independent media
   types.  Although, for example, text/calendar+xml could be an XML
   version of text/calendar[[143]RFC2445], it is possible that this
   (hypothetical) new media type would include new semantics as well as
   new syntax, and in any case, there would be many applications that
   support text/calendar but had not yet been upgraded to support
   text/calendar+xml.

A.14 What happens when an even better markup language (e.g., EBML) is
     defined, or a new category of data?

   In the ten years that MIME has existed, XML is the first generic data
   format that has seemed to justify special treatment, so it is hoped
   that no further suffixes will be necessary.  However, if some are
   later defined, and these documents were also XML, they would need to
   specify that the '+xml' suffix is always the outermost suffix (e.g.,

   application/foo+ebml+xml not application/foo+xml+ebml).  If they were
   not XML, then they would use a regular suffix (e.g.,
   application/foo+ebml).

A.15 Why must I use the '+xml' suffix for my new XML-based media type?

   You don't have to, but unless you have a good reason to explicitly
   disallow generic XML processing, you should use the suffix so as not
   to curtail the options of future users and developers.

   Whether the inventors of a media type, today, design it for dispatch
   to generic XML processing machinery (and most won't) is not the
   critical issue.  The core notion is that the knowledge that some
   media type happens to use XML syntax opens the door to unanticipated
   kinds of processing beyond those envisioned by its inventors, and on
   this basis identifying such encoding is a good and useful thing.

   Developers of new media types are often tightly focused on a
   particular type of processing that meets current needs.  But there is
   no need to rule out generic processing as well, which could make your
   media type more valuable over time.  It is believed that registering
   with the '+xml' suffix will cause no interoperability problems
   whatsoever, while it may enable significant new functionality and
   interoperability now and in the future.  So, the conservative
   approach is to include the '+xml' suffix.

Appendix B. Changes from [144]RFC 2376

   There are numerous and significant differences between this
   specification and [[145]RFC2376], which it obsoletes.  This appendix
   summarizes the major differences only.

   First, text/xml-external-parsed-entity and application/xml-external-
   parsed-entity are added as media types for external parsed entities,
   and text/xml and application/xml are now prohibited.

   Second, application/xml-dtd is added as a media type for external DTD
   subsets and external parameter entities, and text/xml and
   application/xml are now prohibited.

   Third, "utf-16le" and "utf-16be" are added.  [146]RFC 2781 has introduced
   these BOM-less variations of the UTF-16 family.

   Fourth, a naming convention ('+xml') for XML-based media types has
   been added, which also updates [[147]RFC2048] as described in Section 7.
   By following this convention, an XML-based media type can be easily
   recognized as such.

Appendix C. Acknowledgements

   This document reflects the input of numerous participants to the
   [148]ietf-xml-mime@imc.org mailing list, though any errors are the
   responsibility of the authors.  Special thanks to:

   Mark Baker, James Clark, Dan Connolly, Martin Duerst, Ned Freed,
   Yaron Goland, Rick Jelliffe, Larry Masinter, David Megginson, Keith
   Moore, Chris Newman, Gavin Nicol, Marshall Rose, Jim Whitehead and
   participants of the XML activity at the W3C.

Full Copyright Statement

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001).  All Rights Reserved.

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   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
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   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
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   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
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   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
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References

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   2. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/
   3. http://www.faqs.org/faqs/
   4. http://www.faqs.org/contrib/
   5. http://www.faqs.org/docs/
   6. http://www.faqs.org/tools/
   7. http://www.faqs.org/faqs/faqsearch.html
   8. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfcsearch.html
   9. http://www.city-data.com/
  10. http://www.country-data.com/
  11. http://www.hospital-data.com/
  12. http://www.webhostingratings.com/
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  18. http://www.faqs.org/sec-filings/
  19. http://www.city-data.com/restaurant-inspections.html
  20. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2376.html
  21. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2048.html
  22. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2376.html
  23. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2518.html
  24. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1874.html
  25. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2119.html
  26. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2781.html
  27. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2045.html
  28. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2376.html
  29. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2045.html
  30. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2046.html
  31. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2616.html
  32. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2279.html
  33. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2616.html
  34. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2781.html
  35. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2046.html
  36. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2130.html
  37. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1652.html
  38. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc977.html
  39. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2616.html
  40. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2518.html
  41. mailto:mmurata@trl.ibm.co.jp
  42. mailto:simonstl@simonstl.com
  43. mailto:dan@dankohn.com
  44. mailto:tbray@textuality.com
  45. mailto:jeanpa@microsoft.com
  46. mailto:cmsmcq@uic.edu
  47. mailto:eve.maler@east.sun.com
  48. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2279.html
  49. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2781.html
  50. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2130.html
  51. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1652.html
  52. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc977.html
  53. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2616.html
  54. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2781.html
  55. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2396.html
  56. http://www.w3.org/TR/xptr
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  58. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2396.html
  59. http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlbase
  60. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2616.html
  61. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2703.html
  62. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2048.html
  63. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3023.html
  64. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3023.html
  65. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3023.html
  66. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc821.html
  67. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2781.html
  68. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2616.html
  69. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1557.html
  70. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1557.html
  71. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2046.html
  72. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1557.html
  73. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1557.html
  74. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2048.html
  75. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1874.html
  76. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1874.html
  77. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2413.html
  78. http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2/
  79. http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-MathML/
  80. http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-png
  81. http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/
  82. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc821.html
  83. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc977.html
  84. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc977.html
  85. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1557.html
  86. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1557.html
  87. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1652.html
  88. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1652.html
  89. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1874.html
  90. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1874.html
  91. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2045.html
  92. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2045.html
  93. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2046.html
  94. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2046.html
  95. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2048.html
  96. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2048.html
  97. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2060.html
  98. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2060.html
  99. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2077.html
 100. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2077.html
 101. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2119.html
 102. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2119.html
 103. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2130.html
 104. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2130.html
 105. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2279.html
 106. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2279.html
 107. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2376.html
 108. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2376.html
 109. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2396.html
 110. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2396.html
 111. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2413.html
 112. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2413.html
 113. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2445.html
 114. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2518.html
 115. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2518.html
 116. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2616.html
 117. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2616.html
 118. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2629.html
 119. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2629.html
 120. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2703.html
 121. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2703.html
 122. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2781.html
 123. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2781.html
 124. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2801.html
 125. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2801.html
 126. http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG
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 132. http://www.simonstl.com/
 133. mailto:dan@dankohn.com
 134. http://www.dankohn.com/
 135. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2048.html
 136. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2077.html
 137. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2060.html
 138. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2045.html
 139. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2801.html
 140. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2703.html
 141. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2048.html
 142. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2045.html
 143. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2445.html
 144. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2376.html
 145. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2376.html
 146. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2781.html
 147. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2048.html
 148. mailto:ietf-xml-mime@imc.org
 149. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3022.html
 150. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3024.html
 151. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/
 152. http://www.faqs.org/faqs/
 153. http://www.faqs.org/contrib/
 154. http://www.faqs.org/docs/
 155. http://www.city-data.com/
 156. http://www.city-data.com/restaurant-inspections.html


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