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   . 2011 Sep;26(9):457-66.
   doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2011.05.005. Epub 2011 Jun 15.

Thinking inside the box: community-level consequences of stage-structured populations

   [39]Tom E X Miller^ [40] 1 , [41]Volker H W Rudolf
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     * ^1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, MS-170,
       Houston, TX 77005, USA.

     * PMID: 21680049
     * DOI: [42]10.1016/j.tree.2011.05.005

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Thinking inside the box: community-level consequences of stage-structured populations

   Tom E X Miller et al. Trends Ecol Evol. 2011 Sep.
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   . 2011 Sep;26(9):457-66.
   doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2011.05.005. Epub 2011 Jun 15.

Authors

   [46]Tom E X Miller^ [47] 1 , [48]Volker H W Rudolf

Affiliation

     * ^1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, MS-170,
       Houston, TX 77005, USA.

     * PMID: 21680049
     * DOI: [49]10.1016/j.tree.2011.05.005

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Abstract

   Ecologists have historically represented consumer-resource interactions with
   boxes and arrows. A key assumption of this conceptualization is that all
   individuals inside a box are functionally equivalent. Demographic stage
   structure, however, is a widespread source of heterogeneity inside the boxes.
   Synthesizing recent studies, we show that stage structure can modify the dynamics
   of consumer-resource communities owing to stage-related shifts in the nature and
   strength of interactions that occur within and between populations. As a
   consequence, stage structure can stabilize consumer-resource dynamics, create
   possibilities for alternative community states, modify conditions for coexistence
   of competitors, and alter the strength and direction of trophic cascades.
   Consideration of stage structure can thus lead to outcomes that are not expected
   based on unstructured approaches.

   Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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