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   (BUTTON) Ecol Lett
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   . 2008 Mar;11(3):296-310.
   doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01139.x. Epub 2007 Nov 29.

The unseen majority: soil microbes as drivers of plant diversity and productivity in
terrestrial ecosystems

   [40]Marcel G A van der Heijden^ [41] 1 , [42]Richard D Bardgett, [43]Nico M van
   Straalen
   Affiliations (BUTTON) Expand

Affiliation

     * ^1 Department of Animal Ecology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences,
       Institute of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan
       1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. marcel.vanderheijden@art.admin.ch

     * PMID: 18047587
     * DOI: [44]10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01139.x

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   Review

The unseen majority: soil microbes as drivers of plant diversity and productivity in
terrestrial ecosystems

   Marcel G A van der Heijden et al. Ecol Lett. 2008 Mar.
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   . 2008 Mar;11(3):296-310.
   doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01139.x. Epub 2007 Nov 29.

Authors

   [48]Marcel G A van der Heijden^ [49] 1 , [50]Richard D Bardgett, [51]Nico M van
   Straalen

Affiliation

     * ^1 Department of Animal Ecology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences,
       Institute of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan
       1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. marcel.vanderheijden@art.admin.ch

     * PMID: 18047587
     * DOI: [52]10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01139.x

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     * Ecol Lett.2008 Jun;11(6):651

Abstract

   Microbes are the unseen majority in soil and comprise a large portion of life's
   genetic diversity. Despite their abundance, the impact of soil microbes on
   ecosystem processes is still poorly understood. Here we explore the various roles
   that soil microbes play in terrestrial ecosystems with special emphasis on their
   contribution to plant productivity and diversity. Soil microbes are important
   regulators of plant productivity, especially in nutrient poor ecosystems where
   plant symbionts are responsible for the acquisition of limiting nutrients.
   Mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria are responsible for c. 5-20%
   (grassland and savannah) to 80% (temperate and boreal forests) of all nitrogen,
   and up to 75% of phosphorus, that is acquired by plants annually. Free-living
   microbes also strongly regulate plant productivity, through the mineralization
   of, and competition for, nutrients that sustain plant productivity. Soil
   microbes, including microbial pathogens, are also important regulators of plant
   community dynamics and plant diversity, determining plant abundance and, in some
   cases, facilitating invasion by exotic plants. Conservative estimates suggest
   that c. 20 000 plant species are completely dependent on microbial symbionts for
   growth and survival pointing to the importance of soil microbes as regulators of
   plant species richness on Earth. Overall, this review shows that soil microbes
   must be considered as important drivers of plant diversity and productivity in
   terrestrial ecosystems.

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 128. https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH