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   Surface Water-Quality Modeling: by Steven C. Chapra
   844 pages, $119.95 list
   ISBN 10: 1-57766-605-4
   ISBN 13: 978-1-57766-605-9
   © 1997 paperback
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   Similar Titles
   [18]Benjamin - Water Chemistry, 2/E
   [19]Gupta - Hydrology and Hydraulic Systems, 4/E
   Surface Water-Quality Modeling
   [20]Steven C. Chapra
   National and international interest in finding rational and economical approaches
   to water-quality management is at an all-time high. Insightful application of
   mathematical models, attention to their underlying assumptions, and practical
   sampling and statistical tools are essential to maximize a successful approach to
   water-quality modeling.
   Chapra has organized this user-friendly text in a lecture format to engage
   students who want to assimilate information in manageable units. Comical examples
   and literary quotes interspersed throughout the text motivate readers to view the
   material in the proper context. Coverage includes the necessary issues of surface
   water modeling, such as reaction kinetics, mixed versus nonmixed systems, and a
   variety of possible contaminants and indicators; environments commonly
   encountered in water-quality modeling; model calibration, verification, and
   sensitivity analysis; and major water-quality-modeling problems.
   Most formulations and techniques are accompanied by an explanation of their
   origin and/or theoretical basis. Although the book points toward numerical,
   computer-oriented applications, strong use is made of analytical solutions. In
   addition, the text includes extensive worked examples that relate theory to
   applications and illustrate the mechanics and subtleties of the computations.
   Table of Contents
   Part I: COMPLETELY MIXED SYSTEMS
   1. Introduction
   Engineers and Water Quality / Fundamental Quantities / Mathematical Models /
   Historical Development of Water-Quality Models / Overview of This Book
   2. Reaction Kinetics
   Reaction Fundamentals / Analysis of Rate Data / Stoichiometry / Temperature
   Effects
   3. Mass Balance, Steady-State Solution, and Response Time
   Mass Balance for a Well-Mixed Lake / Steady-State Solutions / Temporal Aspects of
   Pollutant Reduction
   4. Particular Solutions
   Impulse Loading (Spill) / Step Loading (New Continuous Source) / Linear ("Ramp")
   Loading / Exponential Loading / Sinusoidal Loading / The Total Solution:
   Linearity and Time Shifts / Fourier Series (Advanced Topic)
   5. Feedforward Systems of Reactors
   Mass Balance and Steady-State / Time Variable / Feedforward Reactions
   6. Feedback Systems of Reactors
   Steady-State for Two Reactors / Solving Large Systems of Reactors / Steady-State
   System Response Matrix / Time-Variable Response for Two Reactors / Reactions with
   Feedback
   7. Computer Methods: Well-Mixed Reactors
   Euler's Method / Heun's Method / Runge-Kutta Methods / Systems of Equations
   Part II: INCOMPLETELY MIXED SYSTEMS
   8. Diffusion
   Advection and Diffusion / Experiment / Fick's First Law / Embayment Model /
   Additional Transport Mechanisms
   9. Distributed Systems (Steady-State)
   Ideal Reactors / Application of the PFR Model to Streams / Application of the PFR
   Model to Estuaries
   10. Distributed Systems (Time-Variable)
   Plug Flow / Random (or "Drunkard's") Walk / Spill Models / Tracer Studies /
   Estuary Number
   11. Control-Volume Approach: Steady-State Solutions
   Control-Volume Approach / Boundary Conditions / Steady-State Solution / System
   Response Matrix / Centered-Difference Approach / Numerical Dispersion,
   Positivity, and Segment Size / Segmentation Around Point Sources / Two- and
   Three-Dimensional Systems
   12. Simple Time-Variable Solutions
   An Explicit Algorithm / Stability / The Control-Volume Approach / Numerical
   Dispersion
   13. Advanced Time-Variable Solutions
   Implicit Approaches / The MacCormack Method / Summary
   Part III: WATER-QUALITY ENVIRONMENTS
   14. Rivers and Streams
   River Types / Stream Hydrogeometry / Low-Flow Analysis / Dispersion and Mixing /
   Flow, Depth, and Velocity / Routing and Water Quality (Advanced Topic)
   15. Estuaries
   Estuary Transport / Net Estuarine Flow / Estuary Dispersion Coefficient /
   Vertical Stratification
   16. Lakes and Impoundments
   Standing Waters / Lake Morphometry / Water Balance / Near-Shore Models (Advanced
   Topic)
   17. Sediments
   Sediment Transport Overview / Suspended Solids / The Bottom Sediments / Simple
   Solids Budgets / Bottom Sediments as a Distributed System / Resuspension
   (Advanced Topic)
   18. The "Modeling" Environment
   The Water-Quality-Modeling Process / Model Sensitivity / Assessing Model
   Performance / Segmentation and Model Resolution
   Part IV: DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND PATHOGENS
   19. BOD and Oxygen Saturation
   The Organic Production/Decomposition Cycle / The Dissolved Oxygen Sag /
   Experiment / Biochemical Oxygen Demand / BOD Model for a Stream / BOD Loadings,
   Concentrations, and Rates / Henry's Law and the Ideal Gas Law / Dissolved Oxygen
   Saturation
   20. Gas Transfer and Oxygen Reaeration
   Gas Transfer Theories / Oxygen Reaeration / Reaeration Formulas / Measurement of
   Reaeration with Tracers
   21. Streeter-Phelps: Point Sources
   Experiment / Point-Source Streeter-Phelps Equation / Deficit Balance at the
   Discharge Point / Multiple Point Sources / Analysis of the Streeter-Phelps Model
   / Calibration / Anaerobic Condition / Estuary Streeter-Phelps
   22. Streeter-Phelps: Distributed Sources
   Parameterization of Distributed Sources / No-Flow Sources / Diffuse Sources with
   Flow
   23. Nitrogen
   Nitrogen and Water Quality / Nitrification / Nitrogenous BOD Model / Modeling
   Nitrification / Nitrification and Organic Decomposition / Nitrate and Ammonia
   Toxicity
   24. Photosynthesis/Respiration
   Fundamentals / Measurement Methods
   25. Sediment Oxygen Demand
   Observations / A "Naive" Streeter-Phelps SOD Model / Aerobic and Anaerobic
   Sediment Diagenesis / SOD Modeling (Analytical) / Numerical SOD Model / Other SOD
   Modeling Issues (Advanced Topic)
   26. Computer Methods
   Steady-State System Response Matrix / The QUAL2E Model
   27. Pathogens
   Pathogens / Indicator Organisms / Bacterial Loss Rate / Sediment-Water
   Interactions / Protozoans: Giardia and Cryptosporidium
   Part V: EUTROPHICATION AND TEMPERATURE
   28. The Eutrophication Problem and Nutrients
   The Eutrophication Problem / Nutrients / Plant Stoichiometry / Nitrogen and
   Phosphorus
   29. Phosphorus Loading Concept
   Vollenweider Loading Plots / Budget Models / Trophic-State Correlations /
   Sediment-Water Interactions / Simplest Seasonal Approach
   30. Heat Budgets
   Heat and Temperature / Simple Heat Balance / Surface Heat Exchange / Temperature
   Modeling
   31. Thermal Stratification
   Thermal Regimes in Temperate Lakes / Estimation of Vertical Transport /
   Multilayer Heat Balances (Advanced Topic)
   32. Microbe/Substrate Modeling
   Bacterial Growth / Substrate Limitation of Growth / Microbial Kinetics in a Batch
   Reactor / Microbial Kinetics in a CSTR / Algal Growth on a Limiting Nutrient
   33. Plant Growth and Nonpredatory Losses
   Limits to Phytoplankton Growth / Temperature / Nutrients / Light / The
   Growth-Rate Model / Nonpredatory Losses / Variable Chlorophyll Models (Advanced
   Topic)
   34. Predator-Prey and Nutrient/Food-Chain Interactions
   Lotka-Volterra Equations / Phytoplankton-Zooplankton Interactions / Zooplankton
   Parameters / Nutrient/Food-Chain Interactions
   35. Nutrient/Food-Chain Modeling
   Spatial Segmentation and Physics / Kinetic Segmentation / Simulation of the
   Seasonal Cycle / Future Directions
   36. Eutrophication in Flowing Waters
   Stream Phytoplankton/Nutrient Interactions / Modeling Eutrophication with QUAL2E
   / Fixed Plants in Streams
   Part VI: CHEMISTRY
   37. Equilibrium Chemistry
   Chemical Units and Conversions / Chemical Equilibria and the Law of Mass Action /
   Ionic Strength, Conductivity, and Activity / pH and the Ionization of Water /
   Equilibrium Calculations
   38. Coupling Equilibrium Chemistry and Mass Balance
   Local Equilibrium / Local Equilibria and Chemical Reactions
   39. pH Modeling
   Fast Reactions: Inorganic Carbon Chemistry / Slow Reactions: Gas Transfer and
   Plants / Modeling pH in Natural Waters
   Part VII: TOXICS
   40. Introduction to Toxic-Substance Modeling
   The Toxics Problem / Solid-Liquid Partitioning / Toxics Model for a CSTR / Toxics
   Model for a CSTR with Sediments / Summary
   41. Mass-Transfer Mechanisms: Sorption and Volatilization
   Sorption / Volatilization / Toxicant-Loading Concept
   42. Reaction Mechanisms: Photolysis, Hydrolysis, and Biodegradation
   Photolysis / Second-Order Relationships / Biotransformation / Hydrolysis / Other
   Processes
   43. Radionuclides and Metals
   Inorganic Toxicants / Radionuclides / Metals
   44. Toxicant Modeling in Flowing Waters
   Analytical Solutions / Numerical Solutions / Nonpoint Sources
   45. Toxicant/Food-Chain Interactions
   Direct Uptake (Bioconcentration) / Food-Chain Model (Bioaccumulation) / Parameter
   Estimation / Integration with Mass Balance / Sediments and Food Webs (Advanced
   Topic)
   Appendix A: Conversion Factors
   Appendix B: Oxygen Solubility
   Appendix C: Water Properties
   Appendix D: Chemical Elements
   Appendix E: Numerical Methods Primer
   Appendix F: Bessel Functions
   Appendix G: Error Function and Complement
   [21]Go Back

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