#[1]PubMed search

   This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Please enable it to take advantage
   of the complete set of features!

   Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily
   unavailable.
   (BUTTON)

   [2]Skip to main page content

   U.S. flag

   An official website of the United States government
   (BUTTON) Here's how you know
   Dot gov

   The .gov means it's official.
   Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive
   information, make sure you're on a federal government site.
   Https

   The site is secure.
   The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any
   information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

   [3]NIH NLM Logo
   [4]Log in (BUTTON) Show account info
   (BUTTON) Close

Account

   Logged in as:
   username
     * [5]Dashboard
     * [6]Publications
     * [7]Account settings
     * [8]Log out

   [9]Access keys [10]NCBI Homepage [11]MyNCBI Homepage [12]Main Content [13]Main
   Navigation

   [14]pubmed logo
   Search: ____________________ (BUTTON) Search
   [15]Advanced [16]Clipboard
   [17]User Guide

   (BUTTON) Save (BUTTON) Email
   (BUTTON) Send to
     * [18]Clipboard
     * [19]My Bibliography
     * [20]Collections
     * [21]Citation manager

   (BUTTON) Display options
   Display options
   Format [Abstract]

Save citation to file

   Format: [Summary (text)_]
   (BUTTON) Create file (BUTTON) Cancel

Email citation

   Subject: 1 selected item: 20503862 - PubMed
   To: ____________________
   From: ____________________
   Format: [Summary________]
   [ ] MeSH and other data
   (BUTTON) Send email (BUTTON) Cancel

Add to Collections

     * ( ) Create a new collection
     * (*) Add to an existing collection

   Name your collection: ____________________
   Name must be less than 100 characters
   Choose a collection:
   Unable to load your collection due to an error
   [22]Please try again
   (BUTTON) Add (BUTTON) Cancel

Add to My Bibliography

     * (*) My Bibliography

   Unable to load your delegates due to an error
   [23]Please try again
   (BUTTON) Add (BUTTON) Cancel

Your saved search

   Name of saved search: ____________________
   Search terms:
   ____________________________________________________________
   ____________________________________________________________
   ____________________________________________________________
   ____________________________________________________________
   [24]Test search terms
   Would you like email updates of new search results?

   Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons

     * (*) Yes
     * ( ) No

   Email: ([25]change)
   Frequency: [Monthly]
   Which day? [The first Sunday___]
   Which day? [Sunday___]
   Report format: [Summary________]
   Send at most: [5 items__]
   [ ] Send even when there aren't any new results
   Optional text in email:
   ____________________________________________________________
   ____________________________________________________________
   ____________________________________________________________
   ____________________________________________________________
   (BUTTON) Save (BUTTON) Cancel

Create a file for external citation management software

   (BUTTON) Create file (BUTTON) Cancel

Your RSS Feed

   Name of RSS Feed: ____________________
   Number of items displayed: [15_]
   (BUTTON) Create RSS (BUTTON) Cancel
   RSS Link ____________________ (BUTTON) Copy

Actions

   (BUTTON) Cite
   (BUTTON) Collections
   Add to Collections
     * ( ) Create a new collection
     * (*) Add to an existing collection

   Name your collection: ____________________
   Name must be less than 100 characters
   Choose a collection:
   Unable to load your collection due to an error
   [26]Please try again
   (BUTTON) Add (BUTTON) Cancel
   (BUTTON)
   (BUTTON) Display options
   Display options
   Format [Abstract]

Share

     *
     *
     * (BUTTON)
       Permalink
       https://pubmed.ncbi. (BUTTON) Copy

Page navigation

     * [27]Title & authors
     * [28]Abstract
     * [29]Similar articles
     * [30]Cited by
     * [31]Publication types
     * [32]MeSH terms

   [Title & authors__]

   (BUTTON) Ecology
   Actions
     * [33]Search in PubMed
     * [34]Search in NLM Catalog
     * [35]Add to Search

   . 2010 May;91(5):1286-95.
   doi: 10.1890/09-1163.1.

A consumer-resource approach to the density-dependent population dynamics of mutualism

   [36]J Nathaniel Holland^ [37] 1 , [38]Donald L DeAngelis
   Affiliations (BUTTON) Expand

Affiliation

     * ^1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, 6100
       South Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA. jholland@rice.edu

     * PMID: 20503862
     * DOI: [39]10.1890/09-1163.1

   Item in Clipboard

A consumer-resource approach to the density-dependent population dynamics of mutualism

   J Nathaniel Holland et al. Ecology. 2010 May.
   (BUTTON) Show details
   (BUTTON) Display options
   Display options
   Format [Abstract]
   (BUTTON) Ecology
   Actions
     * [40]Search in PubMed
     * [41]Search in NLM Catalog
     * [42]Add to Search

   . 2010 May;91(5):1286-95.
   doi: 10.1890/09-1163.1.

Authors

   [43]J Nathaniel Holland^ [44] 1 , [45]Donald L DeAngelis

Affiliation

     * ^1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, 6100
       South Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA. jholland@rice.edu

     * PMID: 20503862
     * DOI: [46]10.1890/09-1163.1

   Item in Clipboard

   (BUTTON) Cite (BUTTON)
   (BUTTON) Display options
   Display options
   Format [Abstract]

Abstract

   Like predation and competition, mutualism is now recognized as a
   consumer-resource (C-R) interaction, including, in particular, bi-directional
   (e.g., coral, plant-mycorrhizae) and uni-directional (e.g., ant-plant defense,
   plant-pollinator) C-R mutualisms. Here, we develop general theory for the
   density-dependent population dynamics of mutualism based on the C-R mechanism of
   interspecific interaction. To test the influence of C-R interactions on the
   dynamics and stability of bi- and uni-directional C-R mutualisms, we developed
   simple models that link consumer functional response of one mutualistic species
   with the resources supplied by another. Phase-plane analyses show that the
   ecological dynamics of C-R mutualisms are stable in general. Most transient
   behavior leads to an equilibrium of mutualistic coexistence, at which both
   species densities are greater than in the absence of interactions. However, due
   to the basic nature of C-R interactions, certain density-dependent conditions can
   lead to C-R dynamics characteristic of predator-prey interactions, in which one
   species overexploits and causes the other to go extinct. Consistent with
   empirical phenomena, these results suggest that the C-R interaction can provide a
   broad mechanism for understanding density-dependent population dynamics of
   mutualism. By unifying predation, competition, and mutualism under the common
   ecological framework of consumer-resource theory, we may also gain a better
   understanding of the universal features of interspecific interactions in general.

   [47]PubMed Disclaimer

Similar articles

     * [48]Ecological theory of mutualism: Robust patterns of stability and
       thresholds in two-species population models.
       Hale KRS, Valdovinos FS. Hale KRS, et al. Ecol Evol. 2021 Dec
       15;11(24):17651-17671. doi: 10.1002/ece3.8453. eCollection 2021 Dec. Ecol
       Evol. 2021. PMID: 35003630 Free PMC article. Review.
     * [49]Evolutionary stability of mutualism: interspecific population regulation
       as an evolutionarily stable strategy.
       Holland JN, DeAngelis DL, Schultz ST. Holland JN, et al. Proc Biol Sci. 2004
       Sep 7;271(1550):1807-14. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2004.2789. Proc Biol Sci. 2004.
       PMID: 15315896 Free PMC article.
     * [50]Niche Theory for Mutualism: A Graphical Approach to Plant-Pollinator
       Network Dynamics.
       Valdovinos FS, Marsland R 3rd. Valdovinos FS, et al. Am Nat. 2021
       Apr;197(4):393-404. doi: 10.1086/712831. Epub 2021 Feb 10. Am Nat. 2021.
       PMID: 33755542
     * [51]Numerical responses in resource-based mutualisms: A time scale approach.
       Revilla TA. Revilla TA. J Theor Biol. 2015 Aug 7;378:39-46. doi:
       10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.04.012. Epub 2015 Apr 29. J Theor Biol. 2015. PMID:
       25936757
     * [52]The fundamental role of competition in the ecology and evolution of
       mutualisms.
       Jones EI, Bronstein JL, Ferrière R. Jones EI, et al. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012
       May;1256:66-88. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06552.x. Ann N Y Acad Sci.
       2012. PMID: 22583047 Review.

   See all similar articles

Cited by

     * [53]Life history complementarity and the maintenance of biodiversity.
       Jops K, O'Dwyer JP. Jops K, et al. Nature. 2023 Jun;618(7967):986-991. doi:
       10.1038/s41586-023-06154-w. Epub 2023 Jun 7. Nature. 2023. PMID: 37286601
     * [54]Coexistence in diverse communities with higher-order interactions.
       Gibbs T, Levin SA, Levine JM. Gibbs T, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022
       Oct 25;119(43):e2205063119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2205063119. Epub 2022 Oct 17.
       Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022. PMID: 36252042 Free PMC article.
     * [55]Ecological theory of mutualism: Robust patterns of stability and
       thresholds in two-species population models.
       Hale KRS, Valdovinos FS. Hale KRS, et al. Ecol Evol. 2021 Dec
       15;11(24):17651-17671. doi: 10.1002/ece3.8453. eCollection 2021 Dec. Ecol
       Evol. 2021. PMID: 35003630 Free PMC article. Review.
     * [56]Fast behavioral feedbacks make ecosystems sensitive to pace and not just
       magnitude of anthropogenic environmental change.
       Gil MA, Baskett ML, Munch SB, Hein AM. Gil MA, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S
       A. 2020 Oct 13;117(41):25580-25589. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2003301117. Epub 2020
       Sep 28. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020. PMID: 32989156 Free PMC article.
     * [57]Mutualism increases diversity, stability, and function of multiplex
       networks that integrate pollinators into food webs.
       Hale KRS, Valdovinos FS, Martinez ND. Hale KRS, et al. Nat Commun. 2020 May
       1;11(1):2182. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-15688-w. Nat Commun. 2020. PMID:
       32358490 Free PMC article.

   See all "Cited by" articles

Publication types

     * (BUTTON) Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
       Actions
          + [58]Search in PubMed
          + [59]Search in MeSH
          + [60]Add to Search

MeSH terms

     * (BUTTON) Models, Biological*
       Actions
          + [61]Search in PubMed
          + [62]Search in MeSH
          + [63]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Population Dynamics
       Actions
          + [64]Search in PubMed
          + [65]Search in MeSH
          + [66]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Symbiosis
       Actions
          + [67]Search in PubMed
          + [68]Search in MeSH
          + [69]Add to Search

   (BUTTON) [x]
   Cite
   (BUTTON) Copy (BUTTON) Download .nbib .nbib
   Format: [NLM]

   Send To
     * [70]Clipboard
     * [71]Email
     * [72]Save
     * [73]My Bibliography
     * [74]Collections
     * [75]Citation Manager

   (BUTTON) [x]

   NCBI Literature Resources

   [76]MeSH [77]PMC [78]Bookshelf [79]Disclaimer

   The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S.
   Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is
   strictly prohibited.

   Follow NCBI

   [80]Connect with NLM
     *
     *
     *

   National Library of Medicine
   [81]8600 Rockville Pike
   Bethesda, MD 20894

   [82]Web Policies
   [83]FOIA
   [84]HHS Vulnerability Disclosure

   [85]Help
   [86]Accessibility
   [87]Careers

     * [88]NLM
     * [89]NIH
     * [90]HHS
     * [91]USA.gov

References

   Visible links:
   1. https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/opensearch.xml
   2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/#article-details
   3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
   4. https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
   5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/
   6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/bibliography/
   7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/
   8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/
   9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys
  10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
  11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/
  12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/#maincontent
  13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/
  14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
  15. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/advanced/
  16. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clipboard/
  17. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/help/
  18. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/
  19. https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F20503862%2F%23open-bibliography-panel
  20. https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F20503862%2F%23open-collections-panel
  21. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/
  22. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/
  23. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/
  24. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/
  25. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/
  26. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/
  27. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/#heading
  28. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/#abstract
  29. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/#similar
  30. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/#citedby
  31. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/#publication-types
  32. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/#mesh-terms
  33. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Ecology%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  34. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Ecology%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D
  35. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/
  36. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Holland+JN&cauthor_id=20503862
  37. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/#full-view-affiliation-1
  38. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=DeAngelis+DL&cauthor_id=20503862
  39. https://doi.org/10.1890/09-1163.1
  40. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Ecology%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  41. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Ecology%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D
  42. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/
  43. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Holland+JN&cauthor_id=20503862
  44. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/#short-view-affiliation-1
  45. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=DeAngelis+DL&cauthor_id=20503862
  46. https://doi.org/10.1890/09-1163.1
  47. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/
  48. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35003630/
  49. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15315896/
  50. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33755542/
  51. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25936757/
  52. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22583047/
  53. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37286601/
  54. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36252042/
  55. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35003630/
  56. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32989156/
  57. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32358490/
  58. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Research+Support%2C+U.S.+Gov%27t%2C+Non-P.H.S.%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  59. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Research+Support%2C+U.S.+Gov%27t%2C+Non-P.H.S.
  60. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/
  61. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Models%2C+Biological%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  62. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Models%2C+Biological
  63. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/
  64. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Population+Dynamics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  65. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Population+Dynamics
  66. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/
  67. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Symbiosis%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  68. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Symbiosis
  69. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/
  70. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/
  71. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/
  72. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/
  73. https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F20503862%2F%23open-bibliography-panel
  74. https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F20503862%2F%23open-collections-panel
  75. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/
  76. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/
  77. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/
  78. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  79. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/
  80. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/socialmedia/index.html
  81. https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323
  82. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html
  83. https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office
  84. https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html
  85. https://support.nlm.nih.gov/
  86. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html
  87. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/careers.html
  88. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/
  89. https://www.nih.gov/
  90. https://www.hhs.gov/
  91. https://www.usa.gov/

   Hidden links:
  93. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/
  94. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/
  95. http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=A%20consumer-resource%20approach%20to%20the%20density-dependent%20population%20dynamics%20of%20mutualism%20https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/
  96. http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20503862/
  97. https://twitter.com/ncbi
  98. https://www.facebook.com/ncbi.nlm
  99. https://www.linkedin.com/company/ncbinlm
 100. https://github.com/ncbi
 101. https://ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
 102. https://twitter.com/NLM_NIH
 103. https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine
 104. https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH