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   . 2007:52:301-23.
   doi: 10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091352.

Nectar and pollen feeding by insect herbivores and implications for multitrophic
interactions

   [40]Felix L Wäckers^ [41] 1 , [42]Jörg Romeis, [43]Paul van Rijn
   Affiliations (BUTTON) Expand

Affiliation

     * ^1 Lancaster Environment Centre, Centre for Sustainable Agriculture,
       Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4QY, UK. f.wackers@lancaster.ac.uk

     * PMID: 16972766
     * DOI: [44]10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091352

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   Review

Nectar and pollen feeding by insect herbivores and implications for multitrophic
interactions

   Felix L Wäckers et al. Annu Rev Entomol. 2007.
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   . 2007:52:301-23.
   doi: 10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091352.

Authors

   [48]Felix L Wäckers^ [49] 1 , [50]Jörg Romeis, [51]Paul van Rijn

Affiliation

     * ^1 Lancaster Environment Centre, Centre for Sustainable Agriculture,
       Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4QY, UK. f.wackers@lancaster.ac.uk

     * PMID: 16972766
     * DOI: [52]10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091352

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   Among herbivorous insects with a complete metamorphosis the larval and adult
   stages usually differ considerably in their nutritional requirements and food
   ecology. Often, feeding on plant structural tissue is restricted to the larval
   stage, whereas the adult stage feeds primarily or exclusively on plant-provided
   food supplements such as nectar and pollen. Research on herbivore nutritional
   ecology has largely been divided along these lines. Most studies focus on actual
   herbivory by larval stages, while nectar and pollen feeding by adult herbivores
   has been addressed mainly in the light of plant-pollinator interactions. Only
   recently have we started to realize that the two phenomena are closely
   interlinked and that nectar and pollen feeding by adult herbivores can have a
   strong impact on plant-herbivore interactions. Here we address this largely
   ignored aspect of multitrophic level interactions and discuss its wide-ranging
   implications.

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