#[1]PubMed search

   This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Please enable it to take advantage
   of the complete set of features!

   Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily
   unavailable.
   (BUTTON)

   [2]Skip to main page content

   U.S. flag

   An official website of the United States government
   (BUTTON) Here's how you know
   Dot gov

   The .gov means it's official.
   Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive
   information, make sure you're on a federal government site.
   Https

   The site is secure.
   The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any
   information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

   [3]NIH NLM Logo
   [4]Log in (BUTTON) Show account info
   (BUTTON) Close

Account

   Logged in as:
   username
     * [5]Dashboard
     * [6]Publications
     * [7]Account settings
     * [8]Log out

   [9]Access keys [10]NCBI Homepage [11]MyNCBI Homepage [12]Main Content [13]Main
   Navigation

   [14]pubmed logo
   Search: ____________________ (BUTTON) Search
   [15]Advanced [16]Clipboard
   [17]User Guide

   (BUTTON) Save (BUTTON) Email
   (BUTTON) Send to
     * [18]Clipboard
     * [19]My Bibliography
     * [20]Collections
     * [21]Citation manager

   (BUTTON) Display options
   Display options
   Format [Abstract]

Save citation to file

   Format: [Summary (text)_]
   (BUTTON) Create file (BUTTON) Cancel

Email citation

   Subject: 1 selected item: 15192218 - PubMed
   To: ____________________
   From: ____________________
   Format: [Summary________]
   [ ] MeSH and other data
   (BUTTON) Send email (BUTTON) Cancel

Add to Collections

     * ( ) Create a new collection
     * (*) Add to an existing collection

   Name your collection: ____________________
   Name must be less than 100 characters
   Choose a collection:
   Unable to load your collection due to an error
   [22]Please try again
   (BUTTON) Add (BUTTON) Cancel

Add to My Bibliography

     * (*) My Bibliography

   Unable to load your delegates due to an error
   [23]Please try again
   (BUTTON) Add (BUTTON) Cancel

Your saved search

   Name of saved search: ____________________
   Search terms:
   ____________________________________________________________
   ____________________________________________________________
   ____________________________________________________________
   ____________________________________________________________
   [24]Test search terms
   Would you like email updates of new search results?

   Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons

     * (*) Yes
     * ( ) No

   Email: ([25]change)
   Frequency: [Monthly]
   Which day? [The first Sunday___]
   Which day? [Sunday___]
   Report format: [Summary________]
   Send at most: [5 items__]
   [ ] Send even when there aren't any new results
   Optional text in email:
   ____________________________________________________________
   ____________________________________________________________
   ____________________________________________________________
   ____________________________________________________________
   (BUTTON) Save (BUTTON) Cancel

Create a file for external citation management software

   (BUTTON) Create file (BUTTON) Cancel

Your RSS Feed

   Name of RSS Feed: ____________________
   Number of items displayed: [15_]
   (BUTTON) Create RSS (BUTTON) Cancel
   RSS Link ____________________ (BUTTON) Copy

Full text links

   [26]full text provider logo Atypon
   [27]Full text links

Actions

   (BUTTON) Cite
   (BUTTON) Collections
   Add to Collections
     * ( ) Create a new collection
     * (*) Add to an existing collection

   Name your collection: ____________________
   Name must be less than 100 characters
   Choose a collection:
   Unable to load your collection due to an error
   [28]Please try again
   (BUTTON) Add (BUTTON) Cancel
   (BUTTON)
   (BUTTON) Display options
   Display options
   Format [Abstract]

Share

     *
     *
     * (BUTTON)
       Permalink
       https://pubmed.ncbi. (BUTTON) Copy

Page navigation

     * [29]Title & authors
     * [30]Abstract
     * [31]Similar articles
     * [32]Cited by
     * [33]Publication types
     * [34]MeSH terms
     * [35]Substances
     * [36]LinkOut - more resources

   [Title & authors_________]

   Review
   (BUTTON) Science
   Actions
     * [37]Search in PubMed
     * [38]Search in NLM Catalog
     * [39]Add to Search

   . 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1629-33.
   doi: 10.1126/science.1094875.

Ecological linkages between aboveground and belowground biota

   [40]David A Wardle^ [41] 1 , [42]Richard D Bardgett, [43]John N
   Klironomos, [44]Heikki Setälä, [45]Wim H van der Putten, [46]Diana H Wall
   Affiliations (BUTTON) Expand

Affiliation

     * ^1 Landcare Research, Post Office Box 69, Lincoln, New Zealand.
       david.wardle@svek.slu.se

     * PMID: 15192218
     * DOI: [47]10.1126/science.1094875

   Item in Clipboard

   Review

Ecological linkages between aboveground and belowground biota

   David A Wardle et al. Science. 2004.
   (BUTTON) Show details
   (BUTTON) Display options
   Display options
   Format [Abstract]
   (BUTTON) Science
   Actions
     * [48]Search in PubMed
     * [49]Search in NLM Catalog
     * [50]Add to Search

   . 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1629-33.
   doi: 10.1126/science.1094875.

Authors

   [51]David A Wardle^ [52] 1 , [53]Richard D Bardgett, [54]John N
   Klironomos, [55]Heikki Setälä, [56]Wim H van der Putten, [57]Diana H Wall

Affiliation

     * ^1 Landcare Research, Post Office Box 69, Lincoln, New Zealand.
       david.wardle@svek.slu.se

     * PMID: 15192218
     * DOI: [58]10.1126/science.1094875

   Item in Clipboard

   (BUTTON) Full text links (BUTTON) Cite (BUTTON)
   (BUTTON) Display options
   Display options
   Format [Abstract]

Abstract

   All terrestrial ecosystems consist of aboveground and belowground components that
   interact to influence community- and ecosystem-level processes and properties.
   Here we show how these components are closely interlinked at the community level,
   reinforced by a greater degree of specificity between plants and soil organisms
   than has been previously supposed. As such, aboveground and belowground
   communities can be powerful mutual drivers, with both positive and negative
   feedbacks. A combined aboveground-belowground approach to community and ecosystem
   ecology is enhancing our understanding of the regulation and functional
   significance of biodiversity and of the environmental impacts of human-induced
   global change phenomena.

   [59]PubMed Disclaimer

Similar articles

     * [60]The influence of biotic interactions on soil biodiversity.
       Wardle DA. Wardle DA. Ecol Lett. 2006 Jul;9(7):870-86. doi:
       10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00931.x. Ecol Lett. 2006. PMID: 16796577 Review.
     * [61]How understanding aboveground-belowground linkages can assist restoration
       ecology.
       Kardol P, Wardle DA. Kardol P, et al. Trends Ecol Evol. 2010
       Nov;25(11):670-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2010.09.001. Epub 2010 Sep 29. Trends
       Ecol Evol. 2010. PMID: 20888063 Review.
     * [62]The unseen majority: soil microbes as drivers of plant diversity and
       productivity in terrestrial ecosystems.
       van der Heijden MG, Bardgett RD, van Straalen NM. van der Heijden MG, et al.
       Ecol Lett. 2008 Mar;11(3):296-310. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01139.x.
       Epub 2007 Nov 29. Ecol Lett. 2008. PMID: 18047587 Review.
     * [63]Global patterns in belowground communities.
       Fierer N, Strickland MS, Liptzin D, Bradford MA, Cleveland CC. Fierer N, et
       al. Ecol Lett. 2009 Nov;12(11):1238-49. doi:
       10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01360.x. Epub 2009 Aug 11. Ecol Lett. 2009. PMID:
       19674041 Review.
     * [64]Soil microbial communities and restoration ecology: facilitators or
       followers?
       Harris J. Harris J. Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):573-4. doi:
       10.1126/science.1172975. Science. 2009. PMID: 19644111

   See all similar articles

Cited by

     * [65]The Interaction between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Grass
       Endophyte (Epichloë) on Host Plants: A Review.
       Shen Y, Duan T. Shen Y, et al. J Fungi (Basel). 2024 Feb 26;10(3):174. doi:
       10.3390/jof10030174. J Fungi (Basel). 2024. PMID: 38535183 Free PMC article.
       Review.
     * [66]Identification of bacteria and fungi responsible for litter decomposition
       in desert steppes via combined DNA stable isotope probing.
       Ye H, Tu N, Wu Z, He S, Zhao Y, Yue M, Hong M. Ye H, et al. Front Microbiol.
       2024 Mar 8;15:1353629. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1353629. eCollection 2024.
       Front Microbiol. 2024. PMID: 38525080 Free PMC article.
     * [67]Mixing with native broadleaf trees modified soil microbial communities of
       Cunninghamia lanceolata monocultures in South China.
       Zheng F, Gu J, Lu D, Yang J, Shuai X, Li C, Chen H. Zheng F, et al. Front
       Microbiol. 2024 Mar 5;15:1372128. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1372128.
       eCollection 2024. Front Microbiol. 2024. PMID: 38505544 Free PMC article.
     * [68]Impacts of litter microbial community on litter decomposition in the
       absence of soil microorganisms.
       Liu J, Ding C, Teng C, Zhang W, Su X, Zhu W. Liu J, et al. Appl Environ
       Microbiol. 2024 Apr 17;90(4):e0023924. doi: 10.1128/aem.00239-24. Epub 2024
       Mar 14. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2024. PMID: 38483156
     * [69]Effects of short- and long-term plant functional group loss on alpine
       meadow community structure and soil nutrients.
       Wei J, Zhou H, Shao X, Sun J, Ma L, Zhang Z, Qin R, Su H, Hu X, Chang T, Shi
       Z, Ade H, Wang H. Wei J, et al. Ecol Evol. 2024 Mar 11;14(3):e10919. doi:
       10.1002/ece3.10919. eCollection 2024 Mar. Ecol Evol. 2024. PMID: 38476707
       Free PMC article.

   See all "Cited by" articles

Publication types

     * (BUTTON) Review
       Actions
          + [70]Search in PubMed
          + [71]Search in MeSH
          + [72]Add to Search

MeSH terms

     * (BUTTON) Animals
       Actions
          + [73]Search in PubMed
          + [74]Search in MeSH
          + [75]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Bacterial Physiological Phenomena*
       Actions
          + [76]Search in PubMed
          + [77]Search in MeSH
          + [78]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Biodiversity
       Actions
          + [79]Search in PubMed
          + [80]Search in MeSH
          + [81]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Ecosystem*
       Actions
          + [82]Search in PubMed
          + [83]Search in MeSH
          + [84]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Food Chain
       Actions
          + [85]Search in PubMed
          + [86]Search in MeSH
          + [87]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Invertebrates / physiology*
       Actions
          + [88]Search in PubMed
          + [89]Search in MeSH
          + [90]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Plant Development
       Actions
          + [91]Search in PubMed
          + [92]Search in MeSH
          + [93]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Plant Physiological Phenomena*
       Actions
          + [94]Search in PubMed
          + [95]Search in MeSH
          + [96]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Soil Microbiology*
       Actions
          + [97]Search in PubMed
          + [98]Search in MeSH
          + [99]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Soil* / parasitology
       Actions
          + [100]Search in PubMed
          + [101]Search in MeSH
          + [102]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Symbiosis
       Actions
          + [103]Search in PubMed
          + [104]Search in MeSH
          + [105]Add to Search

Substances

     * (BUTTON) Soil
       Actions
          + [106]Search in PubMed
          + [107]Search in MeSH
          + [108]Add to Search

LinkOut - more resources

     * Full Text Sources
          + [109]Atypon
          + [110]Ovid Technologies, Inc.
     * Research Materials
          + [111]NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program

   Full text links (BUTTON) [x]
   [112]full text provider logo Atypon

   (BUTTON) [x]
   Cite
   (BUTTON) Copy (BUTTON) Download .nbib .nbib
   Format: [NLM]

   Send To
     * [113]Clipboard
     * [114]Email
     * [115]Save
     * [116]My Bibliography
     * [117]Collections
     * [118]Citation Manager

   (BUTTON) [x]

   NCBI Literature Resources

   [119]MeSH [120]PMC [121]Bookshelf [122]Disclaimer

   The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S.
   Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is
   strictly prohibited.

   Follow NCBI

   [123]Connect with NLM
     *
     *
     *

   National Library of Medicine
   [124]8600 Rockville Pike
   Bethesda, MD 20894

   [125]Web Policies
   [126]FOIA
   [127]HHS Vulnerability Disclosure

   [128]Help
   [129]Accessibility
   [130]Careers

     * [131]NLM
     * [132]NIH
     * [133]HHS
     * [134]USA.gov

References

   Visible links:
   1. https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/opensearch.xml
   2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract#article-details
   3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
   4. https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
   5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/
   6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/bibliography/
   7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/
   8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/
   9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys
  10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
  11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/
  12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract#maincontent
  13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
  14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
  15. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/advanced/
  16. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clipboard/
  17. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/help/
  18. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
  19. https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F15192218%2F%3Fdopt%3DAbstract%23open-bibliography-panel
  20. https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F15192218%2F%3Fdopt%3DAbstract%23open-collections-panel
  21. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
  22. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
  23. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
  24. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
  25. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/
  26. https:///www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1094875?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed
  27. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
  28. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
  29. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract#heading
  30. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract#abstract
  31. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract#similar
  32. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract#citedby
  33. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract#publication-types
  34. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract#mesh-terms
  35. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract#substances
  36. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract#linkout
  37. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Science%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  38. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Science%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D
  39. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
  40. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wardle+DA&cauthor_id=15192218
  41. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract#full-view-affiliation-1
  42. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bardgett+RD&cauthor_id=15192218
  43. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Klironomos+JN&cauthor_id=15192218
  44. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Set%C3%A4l%C3%A4+H&cauthor_id=15192218
  45. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=van+der+Putten+WH&cauthor_id=15192218
  46. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wall+DH&cauthor_id=15192218
  47. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1094875
  48. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Science%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  49. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Science%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D
  50. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
  51. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wardle+DA&cauthor_id=15192218
  52. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract#short-view-affiliation-1
  53. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bardgett+RD&cauthor_id=15192218
  54. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Klironomos+JN&cauthor_id=15192218
  55. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Set%C3%A4l%C3%A4+H&cauthor_id=15192218
  56. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=van+der+Putten+WH&cauthor_id=15192218
  57. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wall+DH&cauthor_id=15192218
  58. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1094875
  59. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/
  60. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16796577/
  61. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20888063/
  62. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18047587/
  63. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19674041/
  64. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19644111/
  65. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38535183/
  66. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38525080/
  67. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38505544/
  68. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38483156/
  69. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38476707/
  70. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Review%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  71. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Review
  72. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
  73. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Animals%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  74. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Animals
  75. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
  76. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bacterial+Physiological+Phenomena%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  77. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Bacterial+Physiological+Phenomena
  78. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
  79. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Biodiversity%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  80. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Biodiversity
  81. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
  82. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Ecosystem%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  83. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Ecosystem
  84. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
  85. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Food+Chain%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  86. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Food+Chain
  87. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
  88. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Invertebrates%2Fphysiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  89. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Invertebrates
  90. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
  91. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Plant+Development%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  92. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Plant+Development
  93. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
  94. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Plant+Physiological+Phenomena%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  95. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Plant+Physiological+Phenomena
  96. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
  97. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Soil+Microbiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  98. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Soil+Microbiology
  99. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
 100. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Soil%2Fparasitology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
 101. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Soil
 102. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
 103. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Symbiosis%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
 104. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Symbiosis
 105. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
 106. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Soil%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
 107. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Soil%22
 108. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
 109. https:///www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1094875?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed
 110. http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=linkout&SEARCH=15192218.ui
 111. https://antibodies.cancer.gov/detail/CPTC-HLA-B-1
 112. https:///www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1094875?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed
 113. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
 114. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
 115. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
 116. https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F15192218%2F%3Fdopt%3DAbstract%23open-bibliography-panel
 117. https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F15192218%2F%3Fdopt%3DAbstract%23open-collections-panel
 118. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
 119. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/
 120. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/
 121. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
 122. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/
 123. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/socialmedia/index.html
 124. https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323
 125. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html
 126. https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office
 127. https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html
 128. https://support.nlm.nih.gov/
 129. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html
 130. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/careers.html
 131. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/
 132. https://www.nih.gov/
 133. https://www.hhs.gov/
 134. https://www.usa.gov/

   Hidden links:
 136. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
 137. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/?dopt=Abstract
 138. http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Ecological%20linkages%20between%20aboveground%20and%20belowground%20biota%20https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/
 139. http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192218/
 140. https://twitter.com/ncbi
 141. https://www.facebook.com/ncbi.nlm
 142. https://www.linkedin.com/company/ncbinlm
 143. https://github.com/ncbi
 144. https://ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
 145. https://twitter.com/NLM_NIH
 146. https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine
 147. https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH