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   . 2004 Feb 19;427(6976):731-3.
   doi: 10.1038/nature02322.

Soil biota and exotic plant invasion

   [39]Ragan M Callaway^ [40] 1 , [41]Giles C Thelen, [42]Alex
   Rodriguez, [43]William E Holben
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     * ^1 Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula,
       Montana 59812, USA. ray.callaway@mso.umt.edu

     * PMID: 14973484
     * DOI: [44]10.1038/nature02322

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Soil biota and exotic plant invasion

   Ragan M Callaway et al. Nature. 2004.
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   . 2004 Feb 19;427(6976):731-3.
   doi: 10.1038/nature02322.

Authors

   [48]Ragan M Callaway^ [49] 1 , [50]Giles C Thelen, [51]Alex
   Rodriguez, [52]William E Holben

Affiliation

     * ^1 Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula,
       Montana 59812, USA. ray.callaway@mso.umt.edu

     * PMID: 14973484
     * DOI: [53]10.1038/nature02322

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Abstract

   Invasive plants are an economic problem and a threat to the conservation of
   natural systems. Escape from natural enemies might contribute to successful
   invasion, with most work emphasizing the role of insect herbivores; however,
   microbial pathogens are attracting increased attention. Soil biota in some
   invaded ecosystems may promote 'exotic' invasion, and plant-soil feedback
   processes are also important. Thus, relatively rare species native to North
   America consistently demonstrate negative feedbacks with soil microbes that
   promote biological diversity, whereas abundant exotic and native species
   demonstrate positive feedbacks that reduce biological diversity. Here we report
   that soil microbes from the home range of the invasive exotic plant Centaurea
   maculosa L. have stronger inhibitory effects on its growth than soil microbes
   from where the weed has invaded in North America. Centaurea and soil microbes
   participate in different plant-soil feedback processes at home compared with
   outside Centaurea's home range. In native European soils, Centaurea cultivates
   soil biota with increasingly negative effects on the weed's growth, possibly
   leading to its control. But in soils from North America, Centaurea cultivates
   soil biota with increasingly positive effects on itself, which may contribute to
   the success of this exotic species in North America.

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