#[1]PubMed search

   This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Please enable it to take advantage
   of the complete set of features!

   Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily
   unavailable.
   (BUTTON)

   [2]Skip to main page content

   U.S. flag

   An official website of the United States government
   (BUTTON) Here's how you know
   Dot gov

   The .gov means it's official.
   Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive
   information, make sure you're on a federal government site.
   Https

   The site is secure.
   The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any
   information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

   [3]NIH NLM Logo
   [4]Log in (BUTTON) Show account info
   (BUTTON) Close

Account

   Logged in as:
   username
     * [5]Dashboard
     * [6]Publications
     * [7]Account settings
     * [8]Log out

   [9]Access keys [10]NCBI Homepage [11]MyNCBI Homepage [12]Main Content [13]Main
   Navigation

   [14]pubmed logo
   Search: ____________________ (BUTTON) Search
   [15]Advanced [16]Clipboard
   [17]User Guide

   (BUTTON) Save (BUTTON) Email
   (BUTTON) Send to
     * [18]Clipboard
     * [19]My Bibliography
     * [20]Collections
     * [21]Citation manager

   (BUTTON) Display options
   Display options
   Format [Abstract]

Save citation to file

   Format: [Summary (text)_]
   (BUTTON) Create file (BUTTON) Cancel

Email citation

   Subject: 1 selected item: 11986666 - PubMed
   To: ____________________
   From: ____________________
   Format: [Summary________]
   [ ] MeSH and other data
   (BUTTON) Send email (BUTTON) Cancel

Add to Collections

     * ( ) Create a new collection
     * (*) Add to an existing collection

   Name your collection: ____________________
   Name must be less than 100 characters
   Choose a collection:
   Unable to load your collection due to an error
   [22]Please try again
   (BUTTON) Add (BUTTON) Cancel

Add to My Bibliography

     * (*) My Bibliography

   Unable to load your delegates due to an error
   [23]Please try again
   (BUTTON) Add (BUTTON) Cancel

Your saved search

   Name of saved search: ____________________
   Search terms:
   ____________________________________________________________
   ____________________________________________________________
   ____________________________________________________________
   ____________________________________________________________
   [24]Test search terms
   Would you like email updates of new search results?

   Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons

     * (*) Yes
     * ( ) No

   Email: ([25]change)
   Frequency: [Monthly]
   Which day? [The first Sunday___]
   Which day? [Sunday___]
   Report format: [Summary________]
   Send at most: [5 items__]
   [ ] Send even when there aren't any new results
   Optional text in email:
   ____________________________________________________________
   ____________________________________________________________
   ____________________________________________________________
   ____________________________________________________________
   (BUTTON) Save (BUTTON) Cancel

Create a file for external citation management software

   (BUTTON) Create file (BUTTON) Cancel

Your RSS Feed

   Name of RSS Feed: ____________________
   Number of items displayed: [15_]
   (BUTTON) Create RSS (BUTTON) Cancel
   RSS Link ____________________ (BUTTON) Copy

Full text links

   [26]full text provider logo Nature Publishing Group
   [27]Full text links

Actions

   (BUTTON) Cite
   (BUTTON) Collections
   Add to Collections
     * ( ) Create a new collection
     * (*) Add to an existing collection

   Name your collection: ____________________
   Name must be less than 100 characters
   Choose a collection:
   Unable to load your collection due to an error
   [28]Please try again
   (BUTTON) Add (BUTTON) Cancel
   (BUTTON)
   (BUTTON) Display options
   Display options
   Format [Abstract]

Share

     *
     *
     * (BUTTON)
       Permalink
       https://pubmed.ncbi. (BUTTON) Copy

Page navigation

     * [29]Title & authors
     * [30]Abstract
     * [31]Comment in
     * [32]Similar articles
     * [33]Cited by
     * [34]Publication types
     * [35]MeSH terms
     * [36]LinkOut - more resources

   [Title & authors_________]

   (BUTTON) Nature
   Actions
     * [37]Search in PubMed
     * [38]Search in NLM Catalog
     * [39]Add to Search

   . 2002 May 2;417(6884):67-70.
   doi: 10.1038/417067a.

Feedback with soil biota contributes to plant rarity and invasiveness in communities

   [40]John N Klironomos^ [41] 1
   Affiliations (BUTTON) Expand

Affiliation

     * ^1 Department of Botany, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G
       2W1. jklirono@uoguelph.ca

     * PMID: 11986666
     * DOI: [42]10.1038/417067a

   Item in Clipboard

Feedback with soil biota contributes to plant rarity and invasiveness in communities

   John N Klironomos. Nature. 2002.
   (BUTTON) Show details
   (BUTTON) Display options
   Display options
   Format [Abstract]
   (BUTTON) Nature
   Actions
     * [43]Search in PubMed
     * [44]Search in NLM Catalog
     * [45]Add to Search

   . 2002 May 2;417(6884):67-70.
   doi: 10.1038/417067a.

Author

   [46]John N Klironomos^ [47] 1

Affiliation

     * ^1 Department of Botany, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G
       2W1. jklirono@uoguelph.ca

     * PMID: 11986666
     * DOI: [48]10.1038/417067a

   Item in Clipboard

   (BUTTON) Full text links (BUTTON) Cite (BUTTON)
   (BUTTON) Display options
   Display options
   Format [Abstract]

Abstract

   Understanding the relative abundance of species in plant communities is an
   unsolved problem. Mechanisms such as competition, resource partitioning,
   dispersal ability and predation tolerance do not adequately explain relative
   abundance under field conditions. Recent work suggests that interactions between
   plants and soil microbes is important. Here I show that such interaction explains
   a significant proportion of the variance in the relative abundance of species in
   plant communities. Rare plants exhibited a relative decrease in growth on 'home'
   soil in which pathogens had had a chance to accumulate, whereas invasive plants
   benefited from interactions with mycorrhizal fungi. Some plant species accumulate
   pathogens quickly and maintain low densities as a result of the accumulation of
   species-specific pathogens, whereas others accumulate species-specific pathogens
   more slowly and do not experience negative feedback until plant densities reach
   high levels. These results indicate that plants have different abilities to
   influence their abundance by changing the structure of their soil communities,
   and that this is an important regulator of plant community structure.

   [49]PubMed Disclaimer

Comment in

     * [50]How to be invasive.
       Van der Putten WH. Van der Putten WH. Nature. 2002 May 2;417(6884):32-3. doi:
       10.1038/417032a. Nature. 2002. PMID: 11986653 No abstract available.

Similar articles

     * [51]How to be invasive.
       Van der Putten WH. Van der Putten WH. Nature. 2002 May 2;417(6884):32-3. doi:
       10.1038/417032a. Nature. 2002. PMID: 11986653 No abstract available.
     * [52]Evaluating plant-soil feedback together with competition in a serpentine
       grassland.
       Casper BB, Castelli JP. Casper BB, et al. Ecol Lett. 2007 May;10(5):394-400.
       doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01030.x. Ecol Lett. 2007. PMID: 17498138
     * [53]Terrestrial ecosystems, increased solar ultraviolet radiation, and
       interactions with other climate change factors.
       Caldwell MM, Bornman JF, Ballaré CL, Flint SD, Kulandaivelu G. Caldwell MM,
       et al. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2007 Mar;6(3):252-66. doi: 10.1039/b700019g.
       Epub 2007 Feb 1. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2007. PMID: 17344961 Review.
     * [54]The unseen majority: soil microbes as drivers of plant diversity and
       productivity in terrestrial ecosystems.
       van der Heijden MG, Bardgett RD, van Straalen NM. van der Heijden MG, et al.
       Ecol Lett. 2008 Mar;11(3):296-310. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01139.x.
       Epub 2007 Nov 29. Ecol Lett. 2008. PMID: 18047587 Review.
     * [55]Temporal variation in plant-soil feedback controls succession.
       Kardol P, Bezemer TM, van der Putten WH. Kardol P, et al. Ecol Lett. 2006
       Sep;9(9):1080-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00953.x. Ecol Lett. 2006.
       PMID: 16925657

   See all similar articles

Cited by

     * [56]Effect of plant-soil system on the restoration of community stability
       after wildfire in the northeast margin of Qinghai-Tibet plateau.
       Li Z, Wei J, He W, Cao X, Zhou X, Tian Q. Li Z, et al. Sci Rep. 2024 May
       10;14(1):10706. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-61621-2. Sci Rep. 2024. PMID:
       38729979 Free PMC article.
     * [57]Long-Term Application of Biochar Mitigates Negative Plant-Soil Feedback
       by Shaping Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Fungal Pathogens.
       Idbella M, Baronti S, Vaccari FP, Abd-ElGawad AM, Bonanomi G. Idbella M, et
       al. Microorganisms. 2024 Apr 17;12(4):810. doi:
       10.3390/microorganisms12040810. Microorganisms. 2024. PMID: 38674754 Free PMC
       article.
     * [58]Defensive alteration of root exudate composition by grafting Prunus sp.
       onto resistant rootstock contributes to reducing crown gall disease.
       Chen L, Bian L, Ma Q, Li Y, Wang X, Liu Y. Chen L, et al. Hortic Res. 2024
       Feb 23;11(4):uhae049. doi: 10.1093/hr/uhae049. eCollection 2024 Apr. Hortic
       Res. 2024. PMID: 38645683 Free PMC article.
     * [59]The influence of tree genus, phylogeny, and richness on the specificity,
       rarity, and diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi.
       Tedersoo L, Drenkhan R, Abarenkov K, Anslan S, Bahram M, Bitenieks K, Buegger
       F, Gohar D, Hagh-Doust N, Klavina D, Makovskis K, Zusevica A, Pritsch K,
       Padari A, Põlme S, Rahimlou S, Rungis D, Mikryukov V. Tedersoo L, et al.
       Environ Microbiol Rep. 2024 Apr;16(2):e13253. doi: 10.1111/1758-2229.13253.
       Environ Microbiol Rep. 2024. PMID: 38575147 Free PMC article.
     * [60]Influence of plant species, mycorrhizal inoculant, and soil phosphorus
       level on arbuscular mycorrhizal communities in onion and carrot roots.
       Ilyas U, du Toit LJ, Hajibabaei M, McDonald MR. Ilyas U, et al. Front Plant
       Sci. 2024 Jan 15;14:1324626. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1324626. eCollection
       2023. Front Plant Sci. 2024. PMID: 38288412 Free PMC article.

   See all "Cited by" articles

Publication types

     * (BUTTON) Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
       Actions
          + [61]Search in PubMed
          + [62]Search in MeSH
          + [63]Add to Search

MeSH terms

     * (BUTTON) Canada
       Actions
          + [64]Search in PubMed
          + [65]Search in MeSH
          + [66]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Ecosystem*
       Actions
          + [67]Search in PubMed
          + [68]Search in MeSH
          + [69]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Feedback, Physiological
       Actions
          + [70]Search in PubMed
          + [71]Search in MeSH
          + [72]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Fungi / pathogenicity
       Actions
          + [73]Search in PubMed
          + [74]Search in MeSH
          + [75]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Fungi / physiology*
       Actions
          + [76]Search in PubMed
          + [77]Search in MeSH
          + [78]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Host-Parasite Interactions
       Actions
          + [79]Search in PubMed
          + [80]Search in MeSH
          + [81]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Plant Development*
       Actions
          + [82]Search in PubMed
          + [83]Search in MeSH
          + [84]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Plant Diseases / microbiology
       Actions
          + [85]Search in PubMed
          + [86]Search in MeSH
          + [87]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Plants / classification
       Actions
          + [88]Search in PubMed
          + [89]Search in MeSH
          + [90]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Plants / microbiology*
       Actions
          + [91]Search in PubMed
          + [92]Search in MeSH
          + [93]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Poaceae / physiology
       Actions
          + [94]Search in PubMed
          + [95]Search in MeSH
          + [96]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Soil Microbiology*
       Actions
          + [97]Search in PubMed
          + [98]Search in MeSH
          + [99]Add to Search
     * (BUTTON) Species Specificity
       Actions
          + [100]Search in PubMed
          + [101]Search in MeSH
          + [102]Add to Search

LinkOut - more resources

     * Full Text Sources
          + [103]Nature Publishing Group
          + [104]Ovid Technologies, Inc.
     * Medical
          + [105]MedlinePlus Health Information

   Full text links (BUTTON) [x]
   [106]full text provider logo Nature Publishing Group

   (BUTTON) [x]
   Cite
   (BUTTON) Copy (BUTTON) Download .nbib .nbib
   Format: [NLM]

   Send To
     * [107]Clipboard
     * [108]Email
     * [109]Save
     * [110]My Bibliography
     * [111]Collections
     * [112]Citation Manager

   (BUTTON) [x]

   NCBI Literature Resources

   [113]MeSH [114]PMC [115]Bookshelf [116]Disclaimer

   The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S.
   Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is
   strictly prohibited.

   Follow NCBI

   [117]Connect with NLM
     *
     *
     *

   National Library of Medicine
   [118]8600 Rockville Pike
   Bethesda, MD 20894

   [119]Web Policies
   [120]FOIA
   [121]HHS Vulnerability Disclosure

   [122]Help
   [123]Accessibility
   [124]Careers

     * [125]NLM
     * [126]NIH
     * [127]HHS
     * [128]USA.gov

References

   Visible links:
   1. https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/opensearch.xml
   2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract#article-details
   3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
   4. https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
   5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/
   6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/bibliography/
   7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/
   8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/
   9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys
  10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
  11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/
  12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract#maincontent
  13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
  14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
  15. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/advanced/
  16. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clipboard/
  17. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/help/
  18. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
  19. https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F11986666%2F%3Fdopt%3DAbstract%23open-bibliography-panel
  20. https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F11986666%2F%3Fdopt%3DAbstract%23open-collections-panel
  21. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
  22. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
  23. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
  24. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
  25. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/
  26. https://doi.org/10.1038/417067a
  27. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
  28. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
  29. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract#heading
  30. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract#abstract
  31. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract#linked-commentary
  32. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract#similar
  33. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract#citedby
  34. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract#publication-types
  35. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract#mesh-terms
  36. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract#linkout
  37. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nature%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  38. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Nature%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D
  39. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
  40. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Klironomos+JN&cauthor_id=11986666
  41. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract#full-view-affiliation-1
  42. https://doi.org/10.1038/417067a
  43. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nature%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  44. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Nature%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D
  45. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
  46. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Klironomos+JN&cauthor_id=11986666
  47. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract#short-view-affiliation-1
  48. https://doi.org/10.1038/417067a
  49. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/
  50. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986653/
  51. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986653/
  52. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17498138/
  53. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17344961/
  54. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18047587/
  55. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16925657/
  56. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38729979/
  57. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38674754/
  58. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38645683/
  59. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38575147/
  60. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38288412/
  61. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Research+Support%2C+Non-U.S.+Gov%27t%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  62. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Research+Support%2C+Non-U.S.+Gov%27t
  63. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
  64. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Canada%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  65. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Canada
  66. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
  67. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Ecosystem%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  68. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Ecosystem
  69. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
  70. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Feedback%2C+Physiological%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  71. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Feedback%2C+Physiological
  72. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
  73. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Fungi%2Fpathogenicity%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  74. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Fungi
  75. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
  76. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Fungi%2Fphysiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  77. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Fungi
  78. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
  79. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Host-Parasite+Interactions%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  80. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Host-Parasite+Interactions
  81. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
  82. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Plant+Development%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  83. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Plant+Development
  84. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
  85. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Plant+Diseases%2Fmicrobiology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  86. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Plant+Diseases
  87. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
  88. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Plants%2Fclassification%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  89. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Plants
  90. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
  91. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Plants%2Fmicrobiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  92. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Plants
  93. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
  94. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Poaceae%2Fphysiology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  95. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Poaceae
  96. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
  97. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Soil+Microbiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
  98. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Soil+Microbiology
  99. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
 100. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Species+Specificity%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc
 101. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Species+Specificity
 102. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
 103. https://doi.org/10.1038/417067a
 104. http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=linkout&SEARCH=11986666.ui
 105. https://medlineplus.gov/molds.html
 106. https://doi.org/10.1038/417067a
 107. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
 108. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
 109. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
 110. https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F11986666%2F%3Fdopt%3DAbstract%23open-bibliography-panel
 111. https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F11986666%2F%3Fdopt%3DAbstract%23open-collections-panel
 112. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
 113. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/
 114. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/
 115. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
 116. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/
 117. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/socialmedia/index.html
 118. https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323
 119. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html
 120. https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office
 121. https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html
 122. https://support.nlm.nih.gov/
 123. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html
 124. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/careers.html
 125. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/
 126. https://www.nih.gov/
 127. https://www.hhs.gov/
 128. https://www.usa.gov/

   Hidden links:
 130. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
 131. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/?dopt=Abstract
 132. http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Feedback%20with%20soil%20biota%20contributes%20to%20plant%20rarity%20and%20invasiveness%20in%20communities%20https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/
 133. http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11986666/
 134. https://twitter.com/ncbi
 135. https://www.facebook.com/ncbi.nlm
 136. https://www.linkedin.com/company/ncbinlm
 137. https://github.com/ncbi
 138. https://ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
 139. https://twitter.com/NLM_NIH
 140. https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine
 141. https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH