The Cathedral and the Bazaar
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   Giving the original Cathedral and Bazaar paper at Linux Kongress, May 1997

   This directory gives you access to almost all of the contents of my evolving
   book, The Cathedral and the Bazaar. Enjoy -- but be aware that I have sold
   O'Reilly the exclusive commercial printing rights.

   The papers composing this book (like their topic) are still evolving as I get
   more feedback. I made extensive revisions and additions for the first edition of
   the book The Cathedral and the Bazaar, and expect to continue adding and revising
   in future editions. Even if you've heard me do the stand-up version, you may want
   to reread it.

   These papers are not `finished', and may never be. Publishing a theory should not
   be the end of one's conversation with the universe, but the beginning. I welcome
   feedback, suggestions, and corrections and will incorporate them into future
   versions.

   If you like these papers, you will probably also enjoy my [12]How To Become A
   Hacker FAQ (also in the book).
     ____________________________________________________________________________

Introduction

   Here's the [13]XHTML. You can also download the original [14]XML or
   [15]Postscript.
     ____________________________________________________________________________

A Brief History of Hackerdom

   My thumbnail sketch of the history of the hacker culture, maintained since about
   1992. I revised, expanded, and HTMLized it for the O'Reilly collection of my
   essays. The definitive history of the hacker culture remains to be written,
   probably not by me.

   Here's the [16]XHTML. You can also download the original [17]XML or
   [18]Postscript.

Translations

     * [19]Chinese (Big 5)
     * [20]Chinese (GB2312)
     * [21]Danish
     * [22]French.
     * [23]German
     * [24]Japanese
     * [25]Polish
     * [26]Russian.
     * [27]Spanisn.
     ____________________________________________________________________________

The Cathedral and the Bazaar

   Here's the [28]XHTML. You can also download the DocBook [29]XML or
   [30]PostScript.

   You can download RealAudio recordings of the stand-up version of this talk from
   the Kongress (about the first 30 seconds is missing). The original Real Audio
   recordings don't play anymore, the codec they were made with is obsolete. But
   here are [31]48kbs and [32]96kbs MP3.

Translations

   [33]Arabic
     * [34]Bulgarian.
     * [35]Chinese (Big-5).
     * [36]Danish.
     * [37]Dutch.
     * [38]French.
     * [39].
     * [40]Greek.
     * [41]Hebrew.
     * [42]Hebrew
     * [43]Hungarian
     * [44]Italian.
     * [45]Japanese.
     * [46]Portuguese
     * [47]Korean.
     * [48]Latvian
     * [49]Romanian.
     * [50]Spanish.
     * [51]Swedish.
     * [52]Tamil
     * [53]Thai.

Commentary and Argument

   Forrest J. Cavaliere III has attempted to elaborate some of CatB's central ideas
   in [54]Some Implications of Bazaar Size. Randy Boring has [55]replied.

   Clay Shirky has expanded on the value of rapid evolution and the design of
   systems that encourage it in an excellent paper, [56]In Praise of Evolvable
   Systems; also in [57]View Source: Lessons from the Web's Massively Parallel
   Development

   The first critique of this paper to appear, [58]When a Bazaar is Not a Bazaar,
   was thought-provoking but (IMO) basically wrongheaded. There is [59]better
   commentary available, and a very thoughtful critique in [60]Beyond the Cathedral,
   Beyond The Bazaar. [61]The Linux Storm attempts to situate this paper within a
   larger analysis.

   If you think reading a ludicrously bad critique might be entertaining, see
   Nikolai Bezroukov's paper in First Monday. There is a link to it in [62]my
   response.

   Ko Kuwabara's [63]Linux: A Bazaar at the Edge of Chaos comments perceptively on
   both CatB and HtN, and further develops some analysis from a point of view rooted
   in evolutionary biology and chaos theory. Kuwabara's grasp of economics is weak;
   he falls for the `path-dependence' myth, and seems to suffer from some
   neo-Marxist misconceptions about what capitalism is. Fortunately these errors do
   not affect a really excellent and illuminating discussion of how Linux bears on
   the collective-action theories of Mancur Olson et. al.

   Michael Truscello's [64]The Architecture of Information: Open Source Software and
   Tactical Poststructuralist Anarchism is (wait for it) a postomodernist
   deconstruction of the politics of CatB. Astonishingly, the jargon and the
   left-wing ax-grinding do not completely manage to smother every last germ of
   sense in it, though they come very close.

   There is even an insanely funny parody of CatB, [65]The Circus Midget and the
   Fossilized Dinosaur Turd. My sides hurt after reading it.
     ____________________________________________________________________________

Homesteading the Noosphere

   In this paper, I examine in detail the property and ownership customs of the
   open-source culture. Yes, it does have property customs -- and rather elaborate
   ones too, which reveal an underlying gift culture in which hackers compete
   amicably for peer repute. This analysis has large implications for anyone
   interested in organizing large-scale intellectual collaborations.

   Here's the [66]XHTML. You can also download the DocBook [67]XML or
   [68]PostScript.

Translations

     * [69]Chinese.
     * [70]Danish.
     * [71]French.
     * [72]German.
     * [73]Italian.
     * [74]Japanese.
     * [75]Russian.
     * [76]Spanish.
     * [77]Turkish

Commentary and Argument

   Fare Rideau has developed some [78]thoughtful criticism of this paper (and
   [79]The Cathedral and the Bazaar) from an anti-IPR point of view. I incorporated
   some of his analysis into the 1.9 version of the paper.

   Russ Allbery has also [80]commented perceptively on the material.

   I have written an essay of [81]fame, ego, and oversimplification to counter some
   misinterpretations of HtN.

   Lars Risan has written an excellent paper called [82]The Identity Games of Hacker
   Culture. He builds on some ideas in HtN to propose an account of the social
   instincts behind cooperative hacking that relates them to sexual selection and
   what he calls ``complementary identity games''. This is an impressive piece of
   thinking and analysis, the first to my knowledge that begins from my approach via
   evolutionary biology but goes genuinely beyond HtN to propose explanations that
   were not implicit in my model.

   Pat Gratton has tried to fit the hacker psychology as described in HtN into the
   conceptual scheme of Jane Jacobs's Systems of Survival; see his page on
   [83]Idealist Ethical Syndrome.
     ____________________________________________________________________________

The Magic Cauldron

   This paper analyzes the economics of open-source software. It includes some
   explosion of common myths about software production economics, a game-theoretical
   account of why open-source cooperation is stable, and a taxonomy of open-source
   business models.

   Here's the [84]XHTML. You can also download the DocBook [85]XML or
   [86]Postscript.

   [87]CatB Book Cover

   If you like these papers, you will probably also enjoy my [88]How To Become A
   Hacker FAQ (also in the book).

Translations

   Jesper Laisen is working on a [89]Danish translation of this paper.

   Sebastien Blondeel  is working on a French translation
   of this paper.

   There is a [90]Spanish translation.

   There is a [91]Japanese translation by YAMAGATA Hiroo, the same person who did
   the excellent Japanese translation of CatB.

   There is a [92]German translation by Reinhard Gantar.

   There is an [93]Italian translation.

   There is a [94]Russian translation.

   Jesper Laisen is working on a Danish translation.

Commentary and Argument

   Fare Rideau has developed some [95]criticized this paper.

Related Papers:

   Yochai Benkler's Coase's Penguin, or Linux and the Nature of the Firm is very
   perceptive. Benkler's paper informs me that my defense-cost analysis of the
   development of property rights was anticipated by the economist Harold Demsetz in
   the 1960s. This doesn't surprise me.
   In [96]Open Source as a Signalling Device - An Economic Analysis two economists
   mathematically model the process by which successful participation in an
   open-source project turns into a higher salary for programmers. I predicted this
   effect in tMC.
     ____________________________________________________________________________

The Revenge of the Hackers

   In this essay, I continue the historical narrative into current events.

   Here's the [97]XHTML. You can also download the DocBook [98]XML or
   [99]PostScript.
     ____________________________________________________________________________

Afterword

   This is the Author's Afterword from the book.

   Here's the [100]XHTML. You can also download the DocBook [101]XML or
   [102]PostScript.

References

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